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Table 4 Healthy eating index: between treatment group comparison a

From: The effects of antenatal dietary and lifestyle advice for women who are overweight or obese on maternal diet and physical activity: the LIMIT randomised trial

Outcome

Time point

Lifestyle advice (n = 945)b

Standard care (n = 928)b

Adjusted treatment × time interactionP-valuec

Adjusted treatment effect

     

P

95% CI

HEI, range 0 to 100

Trial entry

72.11 (7.71)

72.80 (7.07)

<0.0001

0.06

-0.67 (-1.37 to 0.03)

28 weeks

73.35 (6.62)

71.86 (7.01)

 

<0.0001

1.58 (0.89 to 2.27)

36 weeks

72.95 (6.82)

71.17 (7.69)

 

<0.0001

1.77 (1.01 to 2.53)

4 months

72.83 (7.56)

72.15 (7.47)

 

0.41

0.35 (-0.48 to 1.18)

Total fruit, range 0 to 5

Trial entry

4.50 (1.02)

4.48 (1.03)

0.003

0.567

0.03 (-0.07 to 0.13)

28 weeks

4.63 (0.89)

4.42 (1.11)

 

0.0001

0.20 (0.10 to 0.30)

36 weeks

4.58 (0.97)

4.34 (1.18)

 

<0.0001

0.24 (0.13 to 0.35)

4 months

4.27 (1.23)

4.11 (1.33)

 

0.07

0.14 (-0.01 to 0.28)

Whole fruit, range 0 to 5

Trial entry

4.56 (1.09)

4.57 (1.05)

0.0002

0.77

-0.01 (-0.12 to 0.09)

28 weeks

4.68 (0.94)

4.50 (1.15)

 

0.0003

0.19 (0.09 to 0.30)

36 weeks

4.64 (1.03)

4.42 (1.24)

 

<0.0001

0.24 (0.12 to 0.35)

4 months

4.43 (1.18)

4.35 (1.24)

 

0.30

0.07 (-0.06 to 0.21)

Total vegetables, range 0 to 5d

Trial entry

4.86 (0.58)

4.88 (0.50)

0.06

0.12

0.03 (-0.01 to 0.06)

28 weeks

4.91 (0.44)

4.88 (0.48)

   

36 weeks

4.88 (0.49)

4.81 (0.62)

   

4 months

4.94 (0.31)

4.89 (0.45)

   

Dark-green and orange Vegetables and legumes, range 0 to 5d

Trial entry

4.76 (0.76)

4.72 (0.84)

0.12

0.0006

0.10 (0.04 to 0.16)

28 weeks

4.82 (0.64)

4.73 (0.78)

   

36 weeks

4.76 (0.77)

4.64 (0.93)

   

4 months

4.89 (0.46)

4.78 (0.75)

   

Total grains, range 0 to 5d

Trial entry

3.88 (0.93)

3.89 (0.91)

0.24

0.55

-0.02 (-0.09 to 0.05)

28 weeks

3.88 (0.91)

3.95 (0.88)

   

36 weeks

3.93 (0.91)

3.92 (0.93)

   

4 months

3.80 (1.00)

3.78 (1.04)

   

Whole grains, range 0 to 5d

Trial entry

0.71 (0.88)

0.71 (0.83)

0.23

0.14

0.05 (-0.02 to 0.11)

28 weeks

0.74 (0.86)

0.67 (0.83)

   

36 weeks

0.82 (0.90)

0.71 (0.91)

   

4 months

0.81 (0.87)

0.78 (0.88)

   

Milk, range 0 to 10

Trial entry

6.54 (2.80)

6.98 (2.82)

<0.0001

0.002

-0.42 (-0.69 to -0.16)

28 weeks

7.37 (2.61)

7.15 (2.70)

 

0.04

0.29 (0.01 to 0.56)

36 weeks

7.48 (2.49)

7.34 (2.69)

 

0.45

0.10 (-0.17 to 0.38)

4 months

7.23 (2.70)

7.01 (2.69)

 

0.28

0.17 (-0.14 to 0.48)

Meat and beans, range 0 to 10d

Trial entry

9.59 (1.20)

9.61 (1.07)

0.24

0.67

0.02 (-0.06 to 0.10)

28 weeks

9.59 (1.16)

9.55 (1.16)

   

36 weeks

9.60 (1.13)

9.46 (1.26)

   

4 months

9.74 (0.96)

9.74 (0.99)

   

Oils, range 0 to 10d

Trial entry

5.48 (3.19)

5.45 (3.25)

0.24

0.15

0.18 (-0.07 to 0.42)

28 weeks

5.50 (3.17)

5.27 (3.18)

   

36 weeks

5.42 (3.27)

4.99 (3.25)

   

4 months

5.69 (3.18)

5.46 (3.26)

   

Saturated fat, range 0 to 10d

Trial entry

5.48 (3.00)

5.36 (2.96)

0.08

0.07

0.21 (-0.02 to 0.44)

28 weeks

5.31 (2.88)

4.91 (2.90)

   

36 weeks

5.04 (3.04)

4.70 (3.02)

   

4 months

5.01 (3.02)

4.97 (3.00)

   

Sodium, range 0 to 10d

Trial entry

6.10 (2.43)

6.22 (2.43)

0.77

0.34

-0.09 (-0.27 to 0.10)

28 weeks

6.28 (2.42)

6.27 (2.32)

   

36 weeks

6.10 (2.44)

6.28 (2.38)

   

4 months

5.80 (2.63)

5.91 (2.46)

   

Calories from solid fats, alcohol and added sugar (SoFAAS), range 0 to 20d

Trial entry

15.64 (3.79)

15.94 (3.60)

0.150

0.56

-0.08 (-0.33 to 0.18)

28 weeks

15.63 (3.24)

15.55 (3.45)

   

36 weeks

15.69 (3.20)

15.57 (3.51)

   

4 months

16.21 (3.33)

16.37 (3.22)

   
  1. aValues are mean ± SD and treatment effects are differences in means (with 95% confidence interval and P-value) by time point estimated from a linear mixed effects model including treatment, time and treatment × time, adjusted for centre, parity and BMI.
  2. bIncludes women who had a live birth, and who answered one or more questionnaires; excludes questionnaires with >25% missing responses, or where there was an unrealistic energy intake reported (<4,500 or >20,000 kJ).
  3. cWhere the treatment × time interaction was not statistically significant, it was dropped from the model.
  4. dValues are mean ± SD and treatment effects are differences in means (with 95% confidence interval and P-value) across all time points estimated from a linear mixed effects model including treatment and time, adjusted for centre, parity and BMI.
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BMC Medicine

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