Outcome | Lifestyle advice (n = 1075a) | Standard care (n = 1067a) | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  | Treatment effect (95% CI) | P-value | Treatment effect (95% CI) | P-value |
GA at birth, weeksb | 39.29 ± 1.74 | 39.23 ± 2.07 | 0.06 (-0.10 to 0.23) | 0.44 | 0.07 (-0.10 to 0.23) | 0.42 |
Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes | 22 (2.07) | 22 (2.09) | 0.99 (0.55 to 1.78) | 0.98 | 0.99 (0.55 to 1.77) | 0.97 |
Resuscitation required at birth | 196 (18.23) | 191 (17.89) | 1.02 (0.85 to 1.22) | 0.84 | 1.01 (0.85 to 1.21) | 0.88 |
Birth weight, gb | 3481 ± 554 | 3492 ± 613 | -11.55 (-61.13 to 38.03) | 0.65 | -6.90 (-55.47 to 41.67) | 0.78 |
Birth weight Z-scoreb | 0.37 ± 1.03 | 0.43 ± 1.09 | -0.06 (-0.15 to 0.03) | 0.18 | -0.05 (-0.14 to 0.03) | 0.23 |
Birth length, cmb | 49.84 ± 2.42 | 49.92 ± 2.84 | -0.08 (-0.31 to 0.14) | 0.48 | -0.08 (-0.30 to 0.15) | 0.51 |
Birth length Z-scoreb | -0.26 ± 0.76 | -0.18 ± 0.80 | -0.07 (-0.14 to -0.01) | 0.03 | -0.07 (-0.14 to -0.01) | 0.04 |
Birth head circumference, cmb | 34.77 ± 1.60 | 34.77 ± 1.90 | 0.00 (-0.15 to 0.15) | 0.96 | 0.01 (-0.14 to 0.16) | 0.92 |
Birth head circumference Z-scoreb | 0.21 ± 1.03 | 0.26 ± 1.09 | -0.05 (-0.14 to 0.04) | 0.31 | -0.05 (-0.14 to 0.04) | 0.32 |
Birth weight ≥4.5 kg | 23 (2.15) | 39 (3.69) | 0.58 (0.35, 0.97) | 0.04 | 0.59 (0.36, 0.98) | 0 ± 04 |
Birth weight ≤2.5 kg | 43 (4.03) | 56 (5.29) | 0.76 (0.51 to 1.13) | 0.18 | 0.74 (0.50 to 1.09) | 0.13 |
Ponderal index, kg/m3b | 27.95 ± 2.85 | 27.82 ± 2.91 | 0.12 (-0.12 to 0.37) | 0.33 | 0.12 (-0.12 to 0.36) | 0.34 |
Predicted fat free mass, kgb | 3.07 ± 0.38 | 3.08 ± 0.42 | -0.01 (-0.04 to 0.02) | 0.59 | -0.01 (-0.04 to 0.03) | 0.73 |
Admission to NICU ≥4 days | 12 (1.12) | 23 (2.18) | 0.52 (0.26 to 1.03) | 0.06 | 0.51 (0.26 to 1.02) | 0.06 |
Admission to SCBU | 388 (36.12) | 382 (35.77) | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.13) | 0.87 | 1.00 (0.90 to 1.12) | 1.00 |
Respiratory distress syndrome | 13 (1.22) | 27 (2.57) | 0.47 (0.25 to 0.91) | 0.03 | 0.47 (0.24 to 0.90) | 0.02 |
Respiratory support | 65 (6.09) | 77 (7.20) | 0.84 (0.61 to 1.16) | 0.30 | 0.84 (0.61 to 1.15) | 0.27 |
Moderate/severe respiratory disease | 1 (0.09) | 15 (1.42) | N/A | <0.001d | N/A | N/A |
Discharged home on oxygen | 1 (0.09) | 3 (0.28) | N/A | 0.37d | N/A | N/A |
Patent ductus arteriosus | 2 (0.19) | 5 (0.47) | N/A | 0.29d | N/A | N/A |
Proven systemic infection | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.19) | N/A | 0.25d | N/A | N/A |
Retinopathy of prematurity | 1 (0.09) | 4 (0.38) | N/A | 0.22d | N/A | N/A |
Necrotising enterocolitis | 3 (0.28) | 1 (0.09) | N/A | 0.62d | N/A | N/A |
Neonatal encephalopathy | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Neonatal seizures | 1 (0.09) | 3 (0.28) | N/A | 0.37d | N/A | N/A |
Postnatal length of stay infant, dayse | 3.94 ± 7.26 | 4.41 ± 9.87 | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.97) | 0.007 | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.97) | 0.006 |