Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline factors according to quartiles of the coefficient of variation of FPG and HbA1c levels (n = 28,354)

From: Visit-to-visit variability of fasting plasma glucose as predictor of ischemic stroke: competing risk analysis in a national cohort of Taiwan Diabetes Study

 

FPG-CV (%)

 

HbA1c (%)

 

Variables

≤14.1

14.1 to 25.2

25.2 to 42.0

>42.0

P-value

<7.0

≥7.0

P-value

(Number = 7,125)

(Number = 7,025)

(Number = 7,076)

(Number = 7,078)

(Number = 8,091)

(Number = 20,263)

Sociodemographic factors

       

Male, number (%)

3,405 (47.79)

3,297 (46.60)

3,232 (45.68)

3,460 (48.88)

<0.001

4,232 (52.31)

9,162 (45.22)

<0.001

Age (years), mean (SD)

60.68 (11.19)

60.79 (11.10)

60.47 (11.00)

59.92 (11.41)

 

61.96 (11.53)

59.87 (10.98)

<0.001

Lifestyles, number (%)

       

Tobacco

1,006 (14.12)

1,076 (15.21)

1,094 (15.46)

1,322 (18.68)

<0.001

1,186 (14.66)

3,312 (16.35)

<0.001

Alcohol

613 (8.60)

652 (9.22)

585 (8.27)

708 (10.00)

0.002

777 (9.60)

1,781 (8.79)

0.03

Diabetes-related variables

       

Duration of diabetes (years), mean (SD)

5.89 (7.52)

6.36 (6.85)

6.90 (7.17)

6.80 (7.21)

<0.001

5.25 (6.85)

6.98 (7.28)

<0.001

Type of hypoglycemic drug use, number (%)

   

<0.001

  

<0.001

No medication

127 (1.78)

72 (1.02)

61 (0.86)

56 (0.79)

 

202 (2.50)

114 (0.56)

 

One oral hypoglycemic drug

1,868 (26.22)

1,350 (19.08)

980 (13.85)

820 (11.59)

 

2,692 (33.27)

2,326 (11.48)

 

Two oral hypoglycemic drugs

3,117 (43.75)

3,213 (45.41)

3,031 (42.83)

2,673 (37.76)

 

3,768 (46.57)

8,266 (40.79)

 

Three oral hypoglycemic drugs

1,147 (16.10)

1,332 (18.83)

1,451 (20.51)

1,321 (18.66)

 

873 (10.79)

4,378 (21.61)

 

>3 oral hypoglycemic drugs

290 (4.07)

364 (5.14)

409 (5.78)

416 (5.88)

 

144 (1.79)

1,335 (6.59)

 

Insulin

93 (1.31)

102 (1.44)

202 (2.85)

335 (4.73)

 

145 (1.79)

587 (2.90)

 

Insulin + oral hypoglycemic drug

483 (6.78)

642 (9.07)

942 (13.31)

1,457 (20.58)

 

267 (3.30)

3,257 (16.07)

 

Drug-related variables, number (%)

       

Hypertension drug treatment

2,626 (36.86)

2,600 (36.75)

2,637 (37.27)

2,447 (34.57)

0.004

3,167 (39.14)

7,143 (35.25)

<0.001

Comorbidity, number (%)

        

Obesity (BMI ≥27)

2,688 (37.73)

2,640 (37.31)

2,635 (37.24)

2444 (34.53)

<0.001

3,022 (37.35)

7,385 (36.45)

0.16

CAD

533 (7.48)

550 (7.77)

558 (7.89)

519 (7.33)

0.58

623 (7.70)

1,537 (7.59)

0.76

CHF

138 (1.94)

146 (2.06)

155 (2.19)

150 (2.12)

0.75

169 (2.09)

420 (2.07)

0.97

Cancer

119 (1.67)

135 (1.91)

138 (1.95)

178 (2.51)

0.003

174 (2.15)

396 (1.95)

0.31

Hyperlipidemia

1,894 (26.58)

1,950 (27.56)

1,836 (25.95)

1,671 (23.61)

<0.001

2,063 (25.50)

5,288 (26.10)

0.31

Hypertension

2,969 (41.67)

3,056 (43.19)

3,165 (44.73)

2,878 (40.66)

<0.001

3,669 (45.35)

8,399 (41.45)

<0.001

Atrial fibrillation

25 (0.35)

28 (0.40)

29 (0.41)

33 (0.47)

0.75

34 (0.42)

81 (0.40)

0.89

Chronic hepatitis

706 (9.91)

706 (9.98)

736 (10.40)

733 (10.36)

0.68

832 (10.28)

2,049 (10.11)

0.68

COPD

256 (3.59)

269 (3.80)

307 (4.34)

346 (4.89)

<0.001

366 (4.52)

812 (4.01)

0.05

Blood biochemical indices, mean (SD)

       

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

162.41 (123.25)

164.98 (123.58)

174.79 (136.19)

188.96 (158.34)

<0.001

153.12 (111.28)

180.61 (144.54)

<0.001

High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL)

46.91 (14.09)

46.46 (13.74)

46.77 (14.32)

46.58 (14.90)

0.24

46.51 (14.35)

46.75 (14.23)

0.21

Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL)

116.93 (30.11)

117.06 (30.77)

117.17 (31.09)

117.17 (31.87)

0.96

113.73 (29.66)

118.43 (31.36)

<0.001

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

157.29 (45.93)

161.31 (44.57)

169.64 (46.15)

183.82 (53.34)

<0.001

134.26 (28.12)

181.47 (48.63)

<0.001

HbA1c (%)

7.55 (1.52)

7.78 (1.48)

8.13 (1.51)

8.51 (1.58)

<0.001

6.30 (0.51)

8.67 (1.32)

<0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)a

76.53 (20.70)

76.03 (21.21)

74.78 (21.93)

73.87 (23.42)

<0.001

72.59 (21.14)

76.40 (22.05)

<0.001

  1. aMissing data, number = 576. Differences in continuous variables were tested by Student’s t-test and ANOVA. Differences in categorical variables were tested by Chi-square test. ANOVA: analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease; CHF: congestive heart failure; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CV: coefficient of variation; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; SD, standard deviation.
Back to article page

BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

Contact us