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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients

From: The impact of dialysis therapy on older patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: a nationwide population-based study

  

During follow-up period

 

Parameters

All patients

Not receiving chronic dialysis

Receiving chronic dialysis

P

Number of patients

8,341

2,049

6,292

 

Male, number (%)

3,726 (44.7)

955 (46.6)

2,771 (44.0)

0.042

Age, mean (SD), years

79.4 (7.0)

82.0 (6.4)

78.6 (7.1)

<0.001

Follow-up period, mean (SD), days

1,026 (880)

478 (546)

1,205 (894)

<0.001

Day of chronic dialysis initiation, median (IQR)

-

-

192 (90 to 404)

 

Age at chronic dialysis initiation, mean (SD), years

-

-

79.4 (7.1)

 

Monthly income (US$), number (%)

   

0.158

?Dependent

3,395 (40.7)

831 (40.6)

2,564 (40.8)

 

?0 to 637

1,933 (23.2)

505 (24.7)

1,428 (22.7)

 

?637 to 1,400

2,955 (35.4)

703 (34.3)

2,252 (35.8)

 

?>1,400

58 (0.7)

10 (0.5)

48 (0.8)

 

Urbanization levela, number (%)

   

0.150

?1

4,210 (50.5)

1,021 (49.8)

3,189 (50.7)

 

?2

3,236 (38.8)

800 (39.0)

2,436 (38.7)

 

?3

740 (8.9)

178 (8.7)

562 (8.9)

 

?4

155 (1.9)

50 (2.4)

105 (1.7)

 

Charlson Comorbidity Indexb, mean (SD)

5.6 (2.1)

5.7 (2.2)

5.5 (2.1)

0.003

Primary renal disease, number (%)

    

?Diabetes

3,070 (36.8)

721 (35.1)

2,349 (37.3)

0.080

?Glomerulonephritis

4,008 (48.0)

984 (48.0)

3,024 (48.0)

0.979

?Secondary glomerulonephritis/vasculitis

86 (1.0)

26 (1.2)

60 (0.9)

0.220

?Hypertension/large vessel disease

986 (11.8)

273 (13.3)

713 (11.3)

0.015

?Cystic/hereditary/congenital disease

615 (7.3)

142 (6.9)

473 (7.5)

0.377

?Miscellaneous conditions

186 (2.2)

54 (2.6)

132 (2.0)

0.152

Comorbidities, number (%)

    

?Diabetes mellitus

4,807 (57.6)

1,152 (56.2)

3,655 (58.1)

0.137

?Hypertension

7,807 (93.6)

1,904 (92.9)

5,903 (93.8)

0.151

?Dyslipidemia

3,972 (47.6)

890 (43.4)

3,082 (49.0)

<0.001

?Atrial fibrillation

579 (6.9)

170 (8.3)

409 (6.5)

0.005

?Valvular heart disease

1,698 (20.4)

472 (23.0)

1,226 (19.5)

0.001

?Parkinsonism

617 (7.4)

191 (9.3)

426 (6.8)

<0.001

?Autoimmune disease

1,190 (14.3)

309 (15.1)

881 (14.0)

0.225

?Drug abuse

42 (0.5)

13 (0.6)

29 (0.5)

0.335

Concomitant medications, number (%)

    

?Antiplatelet agentsc

1,948 (23.4)

507 (24.7)

1,441 (22.9)

0.087

?Warfarin

59 (0.7)

10 (0.5)

49 (0.8)

0.173

?ACE inhibitors or ARB

2,716 (32.6)

678 (33.1)

2,038 (32.4)

0.558

?Beta blockers

380 (4.6)

83 (4.1)

297 (4.7)

0.207

?Calcium channel blockers

4,868 (58.4)

977 (47.7)

3,891 (61.8)

<0.001

?Diuretics

4,707 (56.4)

1,098 (53.4)

3,609 (57.4)

0.003

?Nitrate

1,626 (19.5)

376 (18.4)

1,250 (19.9)

0.132

?Statins

710 (8.5)

146 (7.1)

564 (9.0)

0.010

?Dipyridamole

2,107 (25.3)

463 (22.6)

1,644 (26.1)

0.001

?Steroids

690 (8.3)

189 (9.2)

501 (8.0)

0.072

?Estrogen or progesterone

38 (0.5)

11 (0.5)

27 (0.4)

0.529

?Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

1,248 (15.0)

312 (15.3)

936 (14.9)

0.699

?Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors

102 (1.2)

28 (1.4)

74 (1.2)

0.496

?Proton pump inhibitors

473 (5.7)

157 (7.7)

316 (5.0)

<0.001

?Oral hypoglycemic drugs

1,843 (22.1)

414 (20.2)

1,429 (22.7)

0.018

  1. aUrbanization levels in Taiwan are divided into four strata according to Taiwan National Health Research Institute publications. Level 1 designates the most urbanized areas and level 4 designates the least urbanized areas. bThe Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is used to determine overall systemic health. Each increase in CCI represents a stepwise increase in cumulative mortality. cIncluding aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, and cilostazol. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; IQR interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.