|  | During follow-up period |  | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | All patients | Not receiving chronic dialysis | Receiving chronic dialysis | P |
Number of patients | 8,341 | 2,049 | 6,292 | Â |
Male, number (%) | 3,726 (44.7) | 955 (46.6) | 2,771 (44.0) | 0.042 |
Age, mean (SD), years | 79.4 (7.0) | 82.0 (6.4) | 78.6 (7.1) | <0.001 |
Follow-up period, mean (SD), days | 1,026 (880) | 478 (546) | 1,205 (894) | <0.001 |
Day of chronic dialysis initiation, median (IQR) | - | - | 192 (90 to 404) | Â |
Age at chronic dialysis initiation, mean (SD), years | - | - | 79.4 (7.1) | Â |
Monthly income (US$), number (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.158 |
?Dependent | 3,395 (40.7) | 831 (40.6) | 2,564 (40.8) | Â |
?0 to 637 | 1,933 (23.2) | 505 (24.7) | 1,428 (22.7) | Â |
?637 to 1,400 | 2,955 (35.4) | 703 (34.3) | 2,252 (35.8) | Â |
?>1,400 | 58 (0.7) | 10 (0.5) | 48 (0.8) | Â |
Urbanization levela, number (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.150 |
?1 | 4,210 (50.5) | 1,021 (49.8) | 3,189 (50.7) | Â |
?2 | 3,236 (38.8) | 800 (39.0) | 2,436 (38.7) | Â |
?3 | 740 (8.9) | 178 (8.7) | 562 (8.9) | Â |
?4 | 155 (1.9) | 50 (2.4) | 105 (1.7) | Â |
Charlson Comorbidity Indexb, mean (SD) | 5.6 (2.1) | 5.7 (2.2) | 5.5 (2.1) | 0.003 |
Primary renal disease, number (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
?Diabetes | 3,070 (36.8) | 721 (35.1) | 2,349 (37.3) | 0.080 |
?Glomerulonephritis | 4,008 (48.0) | 984 (48.0) | 3,024 (48.0) | 0.979 |
?Secondary glomerulonephritis/vasculitis | 86 (1.0) | 26 (1.2) | 60 (0.9) | 0.220 |
?Hypertension/large vessel disease | 986 (11.8) | 273 (13.3) | 713 (11.3) | 0.015 |
?Cystic/hereditary/congenital disease | 615 (7.3) | 142 (6.9) | 473 (7.5) | 0.377 |
?Miscellaneous conditions | 186 (2.2) | 54 (2.6) | 132 (2.0) | 0.152 |
Comorbidities, number (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
?Diabetes mellitus | 4,807 (57.6) | 1,152 (56.2) | 3,655 (58.1) | 0.137 |
?Hypertension | 7,807 (93.6) | 1,904 (92.9) | 5,903 (93.8) | 0.151 |
?Dyslipidemia | 3,972 (47.6) | 890 (43.4) | 3,082 (49.0) | <0.001 |
?Atrial fibrillation | 579 (6.9) | 170 (8.3) | 409 (6.5) | 0.005 |
?Valvular heart disease | 1,698 (20.4) | 472 (23.0) | 1,226 (19.5) | 0.001 |
?Parkinsonism | 617 (7.4) | 191 (9.3) | 426 (6.8) | <0.001 |
?Autoimmune disease | 1,190 (14.3) | 309 (15.1) | 881 (14.0) | 0.225 |
?Drug abuse | 42 (0.5) | 13 (0.6) | 29 (0.5) | 0.335 |
Concomitant medications, number (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
?Antiplatelet agentsc | 1,948 (23.4) | 507 (24.7) | 1,441 (22.9) | 0.087 |
?Warfarin | 59 (0.7) | 10 (0.5) | 49 (0.8) | 0.173 |
?ACE inhibitors or ARB | 2,716 (32.6) | 678 (33.1) | 2,038 (32.4) | 0.558 |
?Beta blockers | 380 (4.6) | 83 (4.1) | 297 (4.7) | 0.207 |
?Calcium channel blockers | 4,868 (58.4) | 977 (47.7) | 3,891 (61.8) | <0.001 |
?Diuretics | 4,707 (56.4) | 1,098 (53.4) | 3,609 (57.4) | 0.003 |
?Nitrate | 1,626 (19.5) | 376 (18.4) | 1,250 (19.9) | 0.132 |
?Statins | 710 (8.5) | 146 (7.1) | 564 (9.0) | 0.010 |
?Dipyridamole | 2,107 (25.3) | 463 (22.6) | 1,644 (26.1) | 0.001 |
?Steroids | 690 (8.3) | 189 (9.2) | 501 (8.0) | 0.072 |
?Estrogen or progesterone | 38 (0.5) | 11 (0.5) | 27 (0.4) | 0.529 |
?Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 1,248 (15.0) | 312 (15.3) | 936 (14.9) | 0.699 |
?Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors | 102 (1.2) | 28 (1.4) | 74 (1.2) | 0.496 |
?Proton pump inhibitors | 473 (5.7) | 157 (7.7) | 316 (5.0) | <0.001 |
?Oral hypoglycemic drugs | 1,843 (22.1) | 414 (20.2) | 1,429 (22.7) | 0.018 |