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Table 3 Association between use of primary care facilities as usual source of healthcare and age, gender, socio-economic characteristics and morbidity factors

From: Epidemiology of multimorbidity in China and implications for the healthcare system: cross-sectional survey among 162,464 community household residents in southern China

 

All participants (Number = 162,464)

Participants with multimorbidity (Number = 17,988)

Covariates

Unadjusted OR

95%CI

Pvaluea

Adjusted ORb

95%CI

Pvaluea

Unadjusted OR

95%CI

Pvaluea

Adjusted ORb

95%CI

Pvaluea

Age, per five years

0.98

0.98 to 0.98

<0.001

0.99

0.99 to 0.99

0.008

0.98

0.98 to 0.98

<0.001

0.99

0.99 to 0.99

0.033

Gender, male

1.03

1.03 to 1.04

<0.001

1.05

1.04 to 1.05

<0.001

1.00

0.99 to 1.01

0.787

1.04

1.02 to 1.05

<0.001

Monthly household income per head

            

 Less than ¥1,000

1.00 (Ref)

 

<0.001

1.00 (Ref)

 

<0.001

1.00 (Ref)

 

<0.001

1.00 (Ref)

 

<0.001

 ¥1,000 to 1,999

0.74

0.74 to 0.75

 

0.74

0.74 to 0.75

 

0.92

0.91 to 0.94

 

0.90

0.88 to 0.91

 

 ¥2,000 to 2,999

0.62

0.62 to 0.63

 

0.67

0.67 to 0.68

 

0.63

0.60 to 0.66

 

0.68

0.65 to 0.71

 

 ¥3,000 and above

0.43

0.42 to 0.43

 

0.54

0.53 to 0.54

 

0.42

0.40 to 0.43

 

0.53

0.51 to 0.55

 

Education level

            

 No education

1.00 (Ref)

 

<0.001

1.00 (Ref)

 

<0.001

1.00 (Ref)

 

<0.001

1.00 (Ref)

 

<0.001

 Primary school

0.96

0.95 to 0.97

 

0.90

0.89 to 0.92

 

0.83

0.79 to 0.87

 

0.85

0.82 to 0.89

 

 Secondary school

0.81

0.80 to 0.82

 

0.69

0.68 to 0.70

 

0.63

0.60 to 0.66

 

0.66

0.62 to 0.69

 

 College and above

0.41

0.40 to 0.42

 

0.35

0.35 to 0.36

 

0.35

0.34 to 0.37

 

0.40

0.39 to 0.41

 

Employment status

            

 Unemployed

1.00 (Ref)

 

<0.001

1.00 (Ref)

 

<0.001

1.00 (Ref)

 

<0.001

1.00 (Ref)

 

<0.001

 Employee

0.94

0.93 to 0.95

 

1.10

1.09 to 1.10

 

0.92

0.89 to 0.95

 

1.04

1.01 to 1.08

 

 Retired

0.48

0.47 to 0.49

 

0.51

0.50 to 0.52

 

0.48

0.45 to 0.51

 

0.53

0.50 to 0.56

 

 Student

1.08

1.06 to 1.09

 

1.30

1.28 to 1.32

 

0.87

0.85 to 0.90

 

1.30

1.27 to 1.34

 

Medical insurance, insured

1.43

1.41 to 1.45

<0.001

1.38

1.37 to 1.40

<0.001

1.26

1.23 to 1.29

<0.001

1.27

1.24 to 1.30

<0.001

Number of chronic conditions

            

 0

1.00 (Ref)

 

<0.001

1.00 (Ref)

 

<0.001

…

  

…

  

 1

0.82

0.80 to 0.85

 

0.84

0.82 to 0.86

 

…

  

…

  

 2

0.69

0.67 to 0.72

 

0.79

0.77 to 0.82

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

0.219

1.00 (Ref)

 

0.098

 3

0.71

0.67 to 0.76

 

0.79

0.75 to 0.84

 

1.03

0.97 to 1.08

 

1.00

0.96 to 1.05

 

 ?4

0.71

0.65 to 0.78

 

0.82

0.76 to 0.89

 

1.02

0.94 to 1.11

 

1.05

0.98 to 1.12

 
  1. a P values are based on joint tests, which test the overall differences between the individual categories of the corresponding variable; badjusted for other independent variables including age, gender, household income per head, education, employment, medical insurance, and number of chronic conditions. CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; Ref, reference. Dependent variable: use of primary care facilities as usual source of healthcare (1?=?Yes; 0?=?No).
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