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Table 1 Physical examination characteristics and medical history of children conceived by natural conception (NC), fresh embryo transfer (ET), and frozen ET

From: Altered thyroid hormone profile in offspring after exposure to high estradiol environment during the first trimester of pregnancy: a cross-sectional study

  

NC

Fresh ET

Frozen ET

P value

P value

P value

(n = 380)

(n = 357)

(n = 212)

(Fresh ET vs. NC)

(Fresh ET vs. Frozen ET)

(Frozen ET vs. NC)

Age (yr)

 

4.98 ± 1.47

5.01 ± 1.12

4.96 ± 1.01

NS

NS

NS

Gender, n (%)

Boy

194 (51.1%)

186 (52.1%)

95 (44.8%)

NS

NS

NS

Girl

186 (48.9%)

171 (47.9%)

117 (55.2%)

Birth weight (g)

 

3376 ± 381

3307 ± 526

3322 ± 553

<0.05

NS

NS

Birth length (cm)

 

50.07 ± 0.95

49.93 ± 2.27

49.80 ± 2.70

NS

NS

NS

Gestational age (wk)

 

38.76 ± 1.63

38.32 ± 1.70

38.48 ± 1.58

<0.01

NS

<0.05

BMI

 

15.49 ± 1.44

15.28 ± 1.68

15.47 ± 1.72

NS

NS

NS

Weight (kg)

 

19.29 ± 3.57

19.22 ± 4.26

19.03 ± 4.03

NS

NS

NS

Length (cm)

 

111.19 ± 8.47

111.67 ± 8.25

110.28 ± 8.66

NS

NS

NS

Preterm delivery

No

350 (92.1%)

318 (89.1%)

187 (88.2%)

NS

NS

NS

(<37 wk), n (%)

Yes

30 (7.9%)

39 (10.9%)

25 (11.8%)

ART method

IVF

/

252 (70.6%)

152 (71.7%)

NA

NS

NA

ICSI

/

105 (29.4%)

60 (28.3%)

Mode of feeding

Breast

207 (54.4%)

197 (55.2%)

115 (54.2%)

NS

NS

NS

Artificial

80 (21.1%)

66 (18.5%)

52 (24.5%)

Mixed

93 (24.5%)

94 (26.3%)

45 (21.3%)

Blood pressure (mmHg)

SBP

97.86 ± 14.09

97.71 ± 16.19

97.35 ± 16.59

NS

NS

NS

DBP

56.56 ± 9.05

55.77 ± 11.42

56.35 ± 11.38

NS

NS

NS

Heart rate (bpm)

 

96.94 ± 12.52

96.26 ± 13.76

97.44 ± 12.64

NS

NS

NS

Maternal age (yr)

 

29.69 ± 3.63

31.05 ± 3.70

31.35 ± 3.66

<0.01

NS

<0.01

Pregnancy complications, n (%)

  

Gestational diabetes

 

12 (3.2%)

12 (3.4%)

11 (5.2%)

NS

NS

NS

Intrahepatic cholestasis

 

8 (2.1%)

5 (1.4%)

2 (0.9%)

NS

NS

NS

Pre-eclampsia

 

8 (2.1%)

13 (3.6%)

3 (1.4%)

NS

NS

NS

Placenta previa

 

14 (3.7%)

12 (3.4%)

5 (2.4%)

NS

NS

NS

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%), NS, not significant; NA, Not applicable; ART, Assisted reproduction technology; BMI, Body mass index; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; IVF, In vitro fertilization; ICSI, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection; SBP, Systolic blood pressure.
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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