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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study population

From: Effects on mortality of a nutritional intervention for malnourished HIV-infected adults referred for antiretroviral therapy: a randomised controlled trial

Variable

Level

LNS-VM

LNS

n (%)

 

914 (50.4)

901 (49.6)

Age (years), mean (SD)

 

35.9 (9.4)

35.7 (9.4)

Female, n (%)

 

443 (49)

457 (51)

Marital status, n (%)

Married/Cohabiting

420 (46)

438 (49)

 

Widowed

96 (11)

107 (12)

 

Divorced/Separated

266 (29)

244 (27)

 

Single

132 (14)

111 (12)

 

Missing

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

Occupation, n (%)

Salaried

134 (15)

137 (15)

 

Self-employed

485 (53)

460 (51)

 

Housewife

86 (9)

97 (11)

 

Student

9 (1)

9 (1)

 

Unemployed

200 (22)

197 (22)

 

Missing

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

Education, n (%)

None

170 (19)

173 (19)

 

Primary

528 (58)

517 (57)

 

Secondary

192 (21)

185 (21)

 

Tertiary

24 (3)

25 (3)

 

Missing

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

Socioeconomic quintilesb, n (%)

Lowest

166 (18)

198 (22)

 

Low

185 (20)

189 (21)

 

Middle

200 (22)

162 (18)

 

High

173 (19)

182 (20)

 

Highest

190 (21)

170 (19)

BMI (kg/m2), mean (sd)

 

16.4 (1.4)

16.4 (1.4)

BMI <17 kg/m2, n (%)

 

542 (59)

532 (59)

CD4 count (cells/μL), mean (SD)

 

134 (97)

139 (103)

CD4 count group, n (%) at each

<50

227 (25)

216 (24)

range of cells/μL

50–99

171 (19)

176 (20)

 

100–199

279 (31)

252 (28)

 

≥200

237 (26)

257 (29)

Haemoglobin (g/L), mean (SD)

 

95 (23)

97 (24)

Haemoglobin groupa, n (%)

Severe anaemia

207 (23)

191 (21)

 

Moderate anaemia

422 (46)

388 (43)

 

Mild anaemia

128 (14)

157 (17)

 

Normal

82 (9)

95 (11)

 

Missing

75 (8)

70 (8)

Phosphate <0.87 mmol/L, n (%)

<0.87

113 (12)

83 (9)

 

Missing

26 (3)

25 (3)

Potassium <3.5 mmol/L, n (%)

<3.5

133 (15)

141 (16)

 

Missing

53 (6)

52 (6)

TB treatment pre-ART, n (%)

 

252 (28)

199 (22)

Oedema at baseline, n (%)

 

31 (3)

35 (4)

Initial ART regimen, n (%)

AZT/3TC/EFV

68 (10)

67 (9)

 

AZT/3TC/NVP

111 (16)

125 (17)

 

TDF/FTC/EFV

418 (58)

398 (55)

 

TDF/FTC/NVP

31 (4)

33 (5)

 

Other

30 (4)

24 (3)

 

Missing

59 (8)

71 (10)

  1. BMI, Body mass index; CI, Confidence interval; LNS, Lipid-based nutritional supplement without added vitamins and minerals; LNS-VM, Lipid nutritional supplement with added vitamins and minerals; AZT, Zidovudine; 3TC, Lamivudine; NVP, Nevirapine; TDF, Tenofovir; EFV, Efavirenz; FTC, Emtricitabine.
  2. aHaemoglobin categories were selected based on usual nutritional cut-offs, not as defined for specific adverse events; adequate haemoglobin was defined as 130 g/L for men and 120 g/L for women; mild anaemia was 110 g/L to the adequate cut-off; moderate anaemia was 80–109 g/L; severe anaemia was <80 g/L.
  3. bSocioeconomic quintiles analysed for each site separately by principal component analysis.