Table 4 Association between dietary patterns and risk of each frailty criterion during a 3.5-year follow-up of robust older adults at baseline

Frailty criteria

   Exhaustion, n events

57

42

39

40

50

48

  Odds ratio (95% CI)

Ref.

0.83 (0.53–1.30)

0.75 (0.44–1.26)

0.27

Ref.

1.40 (0.89–2.21)

1.58 (0.96–2.58)

0.07

   Low physical activity, n events

53

80

68

52

70

79

  Odds ratio (95% CI)

Ref.

1.46 (0.99–2.17)

0.95 (0.61–1.50)

0.77

Ref.

1.38 (0.98–2.04)

1.46 (0.96–2.21)

0.08

   Slow walking speed, n events

71

64

56

56

55

80

  Odds ratio (95% CI)

Ref.

0.83 (0.55–1.25)

0.74 (0.46–1.18)

0.20

Ref.

1.15 (0.74–1.76)

1.85 (1.19–2.87)*

0.007

   Weight loss, n events

34

29

40

24

30

49

  Odds ratio (95% CI)

Ref.

0.76 (0.44–1.30)

0.80 (0.46–1.41)

0.46

Ref.

1.37 (0.77–2.41)

2.12 (1.22–3.70)*

0.007

   Muscle weakness, n events

95

75

68

90

77

71

  Odds ratio (95% CI)

Ref.

0.93 (0.64–1.35)

0.95 (0.62–1.46)

0.81

Ref.

1.01 (0.70–1.45)

1.09 (0.73–1.63)

0.68