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Table 4 Univariate analysis of risk factors associated to WHO severe disease, three or more severity criteria, and death, in P. vivax patients admitted to two tertiary care centers in Brazil and India

From: Characterization of Plasmodium vivax-associated admissions to reference hospitals in Brazil and India

 

Severe n/N (%)

Non-severe n/N (%)

OR (95% CI)

P

Presence of three or more severe criteria n/N (%)

Absence of three or more severe criteria n/N (%)

OR (95% CI)

P

Dead n/N (%)

Survived n/N (%)

OR (95% CI)

P

Female gender

114/197 (57.9)

230/518 (44.4)

1,7 (1.2-2.4)

0.001

14/21 (66.7)

330/694 (47.6)

1.7 (1.1-2.7)

0.022

8/10 (80.0)

336/705 (47.7)

2.6 (0.8-8.4)

0.119

Age < 12 years old

10/197 (5.1)

21/518 (4.0)

1.3 (0.6-2.9)

0.476

2/21 (9.5)

25/694 (3.6)

1.3 (0.4-4.5)

0.647

0/10 (0)

27/705 (3.8)

-

0.440

First malarial infection

174/190 (91.6)

431/501 (86.0)

1.8 (1.1-3.1)

0.044

3/20 (15.0)

83/671 (12.4)

1.0 (0.5-2.2)

0.725

7/10 (70.0)

598/681 (87.8%)

0.3 (0.1-1.3)

0.090

Pregnancy¶

36/114 (31.6)

40/230 (17.4)

2.3 (1.3-3.8)

0.003

8/14 (57.1)

65/330 (19.7)

3.2 (1.7-6.1)

<0.001

4/8 (50.0)

78/336 (23.3)

2.6 (0.7-10.1)

0.157

Peripheral parasitemia >5,110 parasites/mm3*

18/98 (18.4)

43/149 (28.9)

0.6 (0.3-1.0)

0.063

10/46 (21.7)

51/201 (25.4)

0.8 (0.4-1.8)

0.607

4/9 (44.4)

57/238 (24.0)

2.5 (0.7-9.8)

0.175

Duration of fever prior to admission >7 days

32/197 (16.5)

156/517 (30.3)

0.5 (0.3-0.8)

0.008

2/21 (12.0%)

157/694 (22.7)

0.5 (0.2-1.2)

0.098

1/10 (10.0)

184/705 (26.2)

0.4 (0.1-2.9)

0.329

Presence of any acute co-morbidity

7/197 (3.6)

31/518 (6.0)

0.7 (0.3-1.6)

0.439

4/21 (19.0)

38/694 (5.5)

1.3 (0.4-3.9)

0.648

2/10 (20.0)

38/705 (5.4)

5.3 (0.7-24.0)

0.084

Presence of any chronic co-morbidity

18/197 (9.1)

60/518 (11.6)

0.9 (0.5-1.4)

0.349

6/21 (28.6)

72/674 (10.4)

1.1 (0.5-2.0)

0.008

3/10 (30.0)

75/705 (10.6)

4.0 (1.2-13.3)

0.051*

  1. ¶Analysis restricted to women of reproductive age (12-50 years-old); *restricted to patients not in use of antimalarials at the initial assessment (5,110 parasites/mm3 was the lower limit of the highest quartile).