Successful behavior change in obesity interventions in adults: a systematic review of self-regulation mediators

Table 4 Mediators/predictors of short-term physical activity (<12 months)

Putative mediators (categories)	Formal mediation analyses			All analyses
Putative mediators (categories)	Number of studies	Times tested	Effect, %	Number of studies	Times tested	Effect, %
↑ Body image/physical self-worth	1	2	50	3	6	67*^a
↑ Self-efficacy/barriers	1	1	0	10	15	67*
↑ Self-regulation skill usage				7	13	85*
↑ Motivational readiness				1	2	50
↑ Processes of change				1	2	50*
↑ Decisional balance (pros/cons)				1	1	100*
↑ Positive outcome expectations/beliefs				1	1	0

Notes: Blank spaces correspond to variables that were not tested in formal mediation analyses. Times tested refers to the number of times a variable was analyzed; Effect, % refers to the number of times an effect was found and is expressed as percentage. Results are organized according to the number of times each variable was tested in mediation analyses, depicted in the second column, in descent order. For variables not tested in mediation analyses, the fifth column (times tested in overall analyses) should be taken as the reference. * ≥ 50% of these effects are based on correlational analyses. ^aTested once in a weak quality study. [↑] means that higher value of (variable) was associated with improved outcomes.

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