Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the patients

Age (years)

646

30 (22 to 42)

30 (22 to 40)

34 (26 to 45)

0.003

Sex (% male)

646

483 (75%)

409 (76%)

74 (69%)

0.14

Temperature (°C)

647

38.3 (37.5 to 39.0)

38.3 (37.5 to 39.0)

38 (37 to 39.0)

0.04

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

646

76.7 (70 to 86.7)

76.7 (70 to 86.7)

79.2 (66.9 to 90.0)

0.31

Heart rate (beats/minute)

641

106 (96 to 120)

105 (95 to 120)

113 (100 to 123)

0.01

Respiratory rate (breaths/minute)

642

28 (24 to 32)

28 (24 to 32)

32 (28 to 40)

<0.001

Glasgow coma scale score

647

10 (8 to 15)

10 (8 to 15)

9 (7 to 13)

<0.001

Haematocrit (%)

646

30 (24 to 36)

30 (24 to 36)

30 (23 to 36)

0.95

Reticulocyte count (%)

514

0.8 (0.4 to 1.2)

0.8 (0.4 to 1.2)

0.5 (0.3 to 1.1)

0.008

Reticulocyte index

517

0.5 (0.3 to 0.8)

0.5 (0.3 to 0.9)

0.4 (0.2 to 0.7)

0.01

White cell count (× 10⁹/L)

643

8.7 (6.2 to 12)

8.1 (6 to 11.2)

11.8 (9.1 to 16.3)

<0.001

Platelet count (× 10⁹/L)

647

48 (30 to 72)

50 (34 to 78)

30 (22 to 52)

<0.001

Mean platelet volume (fL)

34

11.4 (10.4 to 12.4)

11.5 (10.4 to 12.4)

11.3 (11.2 to 12.6)

0.82

Parasite count (parasites/mL)

639

90.4 (18.5 to 327.6)

78.6 (16.1 to 326.7)

101.8 (33.3 to 373.3)

0.09

Sequestration (% blocked capillaries)

107

13.3 (3.3 to 31.5)

10 (2.9 to 26.6)

23.2 (10.0 to 44.0)

0.008

PfHRP2 (ng/mL)

109

2,351 (1,198 to 4,805)

2,187 (976 to 4,216)

3,275 (1,479 to 6,406)

0.07

Lactate (mmol/L)

640

3.5 (2.0 to 4.6)

3.2 (2.0 to 4.6)

5.7 (3.4 to 9.0)

<0.001

Base deficit (mEq/L)

395

5 (2 to 10)

5 (2 to 8)

11 (7 to 17)

<0.001

Anuric on admission

565

51/565 (9%)

35/483 (7.3%)

16/82 (19.5%)

<0.001

Shock on admission

647

47/647 (7.3%)

27/540 (5%)

20/107 (18.7%)

<0.001

Pulmonary oedema on admission

646

15/646 (2.3%)

8/539 (1.5%)

7/107 (6.5%)

0.002

Bleeding on admission

646

34/646 (5.2%)

26/539 (4.8%)

8/107 (7.5%)

0.26

Sodium (mmol/L)

460

133 (127 to 138)

133 (127 to 138)

135 (130 to 140)

0.02

Potassium (mmol/L)

525

4.0 (3.6 to 4.5)

4.0 (3.5 to 4.5)

4.2 (3.7 to 4.8)

0.02

Creatinine (μmol/L)

644

176 (123 to 282)

176 (123 to 254)

239 (146 to 441)

<0.001

Total bilirubin (μmol/L)

544

57.8 (30.6 to 146.2)

51 (27.2 to 119.0)

146.2 (52.7 to 248.2)

<0.001

Direct bilirubin (μmol/L)

420

27.2 (13.6 to 71.4)

23.8 (13.6 to 64.6)

62.9 (20.4 to 127.6)

<0.001

Indirect bilirubin (μmol/L)

420

34.8 (17.0 to 74.8)

34 (14.4 to 64.6)

73.1 (40.4 to 102.3)

<0.001

Angiopoietin-2 (ng/mL)

152

18.2 (10.2 to 29.8)

13.5 (9.4 to 25.1)

25 (14.8 to 41.0)

<0.001