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Table 9 Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) outcomes for diabetic ulcers (n = 16)

From: A systematic review of cost-effectiveness analyses of complex wound interventions reveals optimal treatments for specific wound types

CEA (Original year of values)

Treatment vs. Comparator

ICER summary/estimate [2013 US$]

Unit of effectiveness

Incremental cost [2013 US$]

Incremental effectiveness

Abidia 2003 (2000) [48]

HBOT vs. control

Dominant

Additional wound healed

−7,596

0.625

Apelqvist 1996 (1993) [49]

Cadexomer iodine ointment vs. standard treatment

Dominanta

Additional wound healed

−119

0.183

Edmonds 1999 (1996) [50]

Filgrastim vs. placebo

Dominanta,b

Hospital-free day gained

−7,738

7.5

Guo 2003 (2001) [51]

HBOT + SC vs. SC alone

3508a

QALY gained

2,137

0.609

Habacher 2007 (2001) [52]

Intensified treatment vs. SC

Dominanta

Patient-year gained

−7,625

2.97

Horswell 2003 (1999) [53]

Staged management diabetes foot program vs. SC

Dominanta

Foot-related hospitalization avoided

−7,848

0.41

Jansen 2009 (2006) [54]

Ertapenem vs. Piperacillin/Tazobactam

Dominanta

Lifetime QALY gained

−822

0.12

Jeffcoate 2009c (2007) [55]

Hydrocolloid (Aquacel) vs. antiseptic (Inadine)

1449a

Additional wound healed

14

0.01

Jeffcoate 2009c (2007) [55]

Antiseptic (Inadine) vs. non-adherent dressing

1590a

Additional wound healed

80

0.05

McKinnon 1997 (1994) [56]

Ampicillin/sulbactam vs. imipenem/cilastatin

Dominanta

Hospitalization day avoided

−5,891

3.5

Persson 2000 (1999) [57]

Becaplermin plus GWC (unspecified) vs. GWC alone

Dominanta

Ulcer-free month gained

−628

0.81

Piaggesi 2007 (2006) [58]

Total contact casting vs. Optima Diab device

8,578

Additional wound healed

858

0.1

Redekop 2003 (1999) [59]

Apligraf (skin substitute) + GWCd vs. GWC alone

Dominanta

Ulcer-free month gained

−1,223

1.53

Allenet 2000 (1998) [60]

Dermagraft (human dermal replacement) vs. SC

70,961a

Additional wound healed

12,652

0.178

Ghatnekar 2002 (2000) [61]

Promogran dressing plus GWCe vs. GWC alone

Dominanta

Additional wound healed

−294

0.042

Ghatnekar 2001 (1999) [62]

Becaplermin gel (containing recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor) plus GWCf vs. GWC alone

Dominanta

Ulcer-free month gained

−794

0.81

Hailey 2007 (2004) [63]

HBOT + SC vs. SC alone

Dominant

QALY gained

−9,337

0.63

  1. GWC, Good wound care; HBOT, Hyperbaric oxygen therapy; ICER, Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; QALY, Quality-adjusted life-year; SC, Standard care; US$, United States dollars.
  2. aDenotes the higher quality studies (Drummond score ≥8).
  3. b“Patient selection may have occurred during the in-hospital stay where more control patients experienced a bad vascular condition requiring the more costly interventions”.
  4. cMultiple comparisons are reported.
  5. dGWC, “the best wound care available and consists mainly of offloading, debridement, and moist dressings”.
  6. eGWC, “sharp debridement (if necessary) and wound cleansing. In the GWC alone arm, the primary dressing was saline-soaked gauze and the secondary gauze and tape”.
  7. fGWC, “sharp debridement to remove callus, fibrin and necrotic tissue; moist saline dressing changes every 12 hours; systematic control of infection, if present; glucose control; and offloading of pressure”.