Thyroid function and age-related macular degeneration: a prospective population-based cohort study - the Rotterdam Study

Table 4 Association between FT4 and TSH with retinal pigment alterations ^a

Incident pigment alterations versus no pigment alterations	Cases N	Total N	HR (95% CI), model 1	HR (95% CI), model 2	HR (95% CI), model 3
TSH, mIU/L	729	5,401	0.98 (0.90-1.06)	0.97 (0.90-1.06)	0.96 (0.88-1.04)
Normal range TSH^b	618	4,591	1.02 (0.87-1.20)	1.05 (0.89-1.23)	1.04 (0.88-1.22)
FT4, pmol/L	720	5,338	1.04 (1.01-1.07)	1.04 (1.01-1.07)	1.04 (1.01-1.07)
Normal range FT4^c	697	5,226	1.04 (1.01-1.07)	1.04 (1.01-1.07)	1.04 (1.01-1.07)
Normal range FT4^c in normal range TSH^b	601	4,500	1.03 (1.00-1.07)	1.03 (0.99-1.06)	1.03 (0.99-1.06)

^aParticipants with late AMD were excluded from this analysis.
^bNormal range of TSH defined as 0.4-4.0 mIU/L.
^cNormal range of FT4 defined as 11–25 pmol/L.
Model 1: Adjusted for sex and age. Model 2: Model 1 + smoking, hypertension, cholesterol, diabetes, BMI. Model 3: Model 2 + thyroid peroxidase antibodies positivity.
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, FT4 free thyroxine, HR hazard ratio, TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone.

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