Procalcitonin and pyuria-based algorithm reduces antibiotic use in urinary tract infections: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Microbiological results at baseline

Isolation of uropathogens in baseline urine culture
n (%)	Control group	PCT/Pyuria group
All patients (intention-to-treat)	(n = 64)	(n = 61)
Missing urine cultures	2 (3%)	8 (13%)
Sterile urine cultures	4 (6%)	4 (7%)
Contaminated urine cultures	6 (9%)	3 (5%)
Urine cultures with bacterial growth	52 (82%)	46 (75%)
Total no. of isolates ^a	53	52
Gram-negative uropathogen
Escherichia coli	37/53 (70%)	39/52 (75%)
Klebsiella pneumoniae	6/53 (11%)	3/52 (6%)
Citrobacter koseri	0	1/52 (2%)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	0	1/52 (2%)
Proteus mirabilis	0	1/52 (2%)
Gram-positive uropathogen
Enterococcus faecalis	3/53 (6%)	6/52 (12%)
Aerococcus urinae	1/53 (2%)	0
Non uropathogen
Staphylococcus aureus	3/53 (6%)	0
Lactobacillus species^b	2/53 (4%)	0
Granulicatella adiacens	0	1/52 (2%)
Salmonella species	1/53 (2%)	0
Isolation of uropathogens in baseline blood cultures
n (%)	Control group	PCT/Pyuria group
All patients (intention-to-treat)	(n = 64)	(n = 61)
Blood samples for culture obtained	44 (69%)	44 (72%)
No. (%) of contaminated blood cultures	2/44 (5%)	2/44 (5%)
Coagulase-negative staphylococci	2/44 (5%)	1/44 (2%)
Propionibacterium acnes	0	1/44 (2%)
No. (%) of positive blood cultures	19/44 (43%)	9/44 (20%)
Gram-negative uropathogen
Escherichia coli	14/19 (74%)	9/9 (100%)
Klebsiella oxytoca	1/19 (5%)^c	0
Gram-positive uropathogen
Enterococcus faecalis	1/19 (5%)	0
Non uropathogen
Staphylococcus aureus	2/19 (11%)^c	0
Lactobacillus species	1/19 (5%)	0

^aTwo isolates in five cultures, three isolates in one culture.
^bLactobacillus species was not a classical uropathogen but in one case confirmed by concomitant positive blood cultures with Lactobacillus species (4/4 samples).
^cThree patients not included in the per protocol analysis with final diagnosis other than UTI: Klebsiella oxytoca in one patient with infected kidney cyst, Staphylococcus aureus in one patient with endocarditis, and one patient with prostatitis.

ISSN: 1741-7015