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Table 6 Microbiological outcome 7 days after end of therapy

From: Procalcitonin and pyuria-based algorithm reduces antibiotic use in urinary tract infections: a randomized controlled trial

n (%)

Control group

PCT/Pyuria group

Odds ratio

95% CI

P value a

All patients (intention-to-treat)

(n = 64)

(n = 61)

   

Missing urinalysis

10/64 (16%)

8/61 (13%)

0.82

0.30–2.22

0.69

Missing urine cultures

8/64 (13%)

8/61 (13%)

1.06

0.37–3.02

0.92

Sterile urine cultures

19/56 (34%)

20/53 (38%)

1.18

0.54–2.58

0.68

Contaminated urine cultures b

25/56 (45%)

16/53 (30%)

0.54

0.24–1.18

0.12

Urine cultures with pathogen c

12/56 (21%)

17/53 (32%)

1.73

0.73–4.09

0.21

 Colonizations

6/53 (11%)

8/51 (16%)

1.46

0.47–4.54

0.52

 Infectionsd

6/53 (11%)

8/51 (16%)

1.46

0.47–4.54

0.52

Persistence of initial pathogen c

3/56 (5%)

4/51 (8%)

1.50

0.32–7.07

0.61

 Persistent colonization

0

1/51 (2%)

   

 Persistent infectiond

3/53 (6%)

3/51 (6%)

1.04

0.20–5.42

0.96

New organism c

9/56 (16%)

11/51 (22%)

1.44

0.54–3.81

0.47

 Colonizations

6/53 (11%)

7/49 (14%)

1.31

0.41–4.19

0.65

 Infectionsd

3/53 (6%)

3/49 (6%)

1.09

0.21–5.66

0.92

n (%)

Control Group

PCT/ Pyuria Group

   

Total no. of isolates

13

18

   

Gram-negative uropathogen

     

  Escherichia coli

3/13 (23%)

3/18 (17%)

   

  Klebsiella pneumoniae

1/13 (8%)

1/18 (6%)

   

Gram-positive uropathogen

     

  Enterococcus faecalis

6/13 (46%)

11/18 (61%)

   

  Enterococcus faecium

1/13 (8%)

1/18 (6%)

   

  Staphylococcus saprophyticus

1/13 (8%)

0

   

Non uropathogen

     

 Lactobacillus speciesb

1/13 (8%)

1/18 (6%)

   

  Candida albicans

0

1/18 (6%)

   
  1. aLogistic regression analysis.
  2. bLactobacillus species were considered as contaminants.
  3. cIn case of contaminated (n = 1 in PCT/Pyuria group) initial urine culture any uropathogen was considered as new organism, in case of missing (n = 2 in PCT/ Pyuria group) initial urine culture the uropathogen was not attributed to persistent or new organism group.
  4. dInfection was assumed if pyuria (>20 leukocytes/μL) was present in concomitant urinalysis.