Procalcitonin and pyuria-based algorithm reduces antibiotic use in urinary tract infections: a randomized controlled trial

Table 6 Microbiological outcome 7 days after end of therapy

n (%)	Control group	PCT/Pyuria group	Odds ratio	95% CI	P value ^a
All patients (intention-to-treat)	(n = 64)	(n = 61)
Missing urinalysis	10/64 (16%)	8/61 (13%)	0.82	0.30–2.22	0.69
Missing urine cultures	8/64 (13%)	8/61 (13%)	1.06	0.37–3.02	0.92
Sterile urine cultures	19/56 (34%)	20/53 (38%)	1.18	0.54–2.58	0.68
Contaminated urine cultures ^b	25/56 (45%)	16/53 (30%)	0.54	0.24–1.18	0.12
Urine cultures with pathogen ^c	12/56 (21%)	17/53 (32%)	1.73	0.73–4.09	0.21
Colonizations	6/53 (11%)	8/51 (16%)	1.46	0.47–4.54	0.52
Infections^d	6/53 (11%)	8/51 (16%)	1.46	0.47–4.54	0.52
Persistence of initial pathogen ^c	3/56 (5%)	4/51 (8%)	1.50	0.32–7.07	0.61
Persistent colonization	0	1/51 (2%)
Persistent infection^d	3/53 (6%)	3/51 (6%)	1.04	0.20–5.42	0.96
New organism ^c	9/56 (16%)	11/51 (22%)	1.44	0.54–3.81	0.47
Colonizations	6/53 (11%)	7/49 (14%)	1.31	0.41–4.19	0.65
Infections^d	3/53 (6%)	3/49 (6%)	1.09	0.21–5.66	0.92
n (%)	Control Group	PCT/ Pyuria Group
Total no. of isolates	13	18
Gram-negative uropathogen
Escherichia coli	3/13 (23%)	3/18 (17%)
Klebsiella pneumoniae	1/13 (8%)	1/18 (6%)
Gram-positive uropathogen
*Enterococcus faecalis*	6/13 (46%)	11/18 (61%)
Enterococcus faecium	1/13 (8%)	1/18 (6%)
Staphylococcus saprophyticus	1/13 (8%)	0
Non uropathogen
Lactobacillus species^b	1/13 (8%)	1/18 (6%)
Candida albicans	0	1/18 (6%)

^aLogistic regression analysis.
^bLactobacillus species were considered as contaminants.
^cIn case of contaminated (n = 1 in PCT/Pyuria group) initial urine culture any uropathogen was considered as new organism, in case of missing (n = 2 in PCT/ Pyuria group) initial urine culture the uropathogen was not attributed to persistent or new organism group.
^dInfection was assumed if pyuria (>20 leukocytes/μL) was present in concomitant urinalysis.