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Table 7 Microbiological and clinical outcome 30 days after enrollment

From: Procalcitonin and pyuria-based algorithm reduces antibiotic use in urinary tract infections: a randomized controlled trial

n (%)

Control group

PCT/Pyuria group

Odds ratio

95% CI

P value a

All patients (intention-to-treat)

(n = 64)

(n = 61)

   

Missing urinalysis

10/64 (16%)

9/61 (13%)

0.93

0.35–2.48

0.89

Missing urine cultures

14/64 (22%)

11/61 (18%)

0.79

0.33–1.90

0.59

Sterile urine cultures

19/50 (38%)

8/50 (16%)

0.31

0.12–0.80

0.02

Contaminated urine cultures b

20/50 (40%)

26/50 (52%)

1.63

0.74–3.59

0.23

Urine cultures with pathogen c

11/50 (22%)

16/50 (32%)

1.67

0.68–4.08

0.26

 Colonizations

3/50 (6%)

3/49 (6%)

1.02

0.20–5.33

0.98

 Infectionsd

8/50 (16%)

13/49 (27%)

1.90

0.71–5.09

0.20

 Symptomatic infections

2/50 (4%)

3/49 (6%)

1.57

0.25–9.80

0.63

Persistence of initial pathogen c

6/50 (12%)

8/48 (17%)

1.47

0.47–4.59

0.51

 Persistent colonizations

1/50 (2%)

1/47 (2%)

1.07

0.06–17.53

0.97

 Persistent infectionsd

5/50 (10%)

7/47 (15%)

1.58

0.46–5.36

0.47

 Persistent symptomatic infectionsd

2/50 (4%)

2/47 (4%)

1.07

0.14–7.90

0.95

New organism c

5/50 (10%)

6/48 (13%)

1.29

0.37–4.53

0.70

 Colonizations

2/50 (4%)

2/47 (4%)

1.07

0.14–7.90

0.95

 Infectionsd

3/50 (6%)

4/47 (9%)

1.46

0.31–6.89

0.64

 Symptomatic infectionsd

0

0

   

n (%)

Control group

PCT/Pyuria group

   

Total no. of isolates e

17

22

   

Gram-negative uropathogen

     

  Escherichia coli

5/17 (29%)

7/22 (32%)

   

  Klebsiella pneumoniae

2/17 (12%)

1/22 (5%)

   

  Citrobacter koseri

1/17 (6%)

1/22 (5%)

   

  Enterobacter cloacae

0

1/22 (5%)

   

  Pseudomonas aeruginosa

0

1/22 (5%)

   

Gram-positive uropathogen

     

  Enterococcus faecalis

5/17 (29%)

9/22 (41%)

   

  Enterococcus faecium

1/17 (6%)

0

   

  Staphylococcus saprophyticus

0

1/22 (5%)

   

 Group B Streptococci

1/17 (6%)

0

   

Non-uropathogen

     

  Staphylococcus aureus

1/17 (6%)

0

   

 Coagulase-negative staphylococcib

0

1/22 (5%)

   

 Lactobacillus speciesb

1/17 (6%)

1/22 (5%)

   

  Streptococcus milleri

0

1/22 (5%)

   
  1. aLogistic regression analysis.
  2. bLactobacillus species and Coagulase-negative staphylococci were considered as contaminants.
  3. cIn case of missing initial urine culture (n = 2 in the PCT/Pyuria group) any uropathogen was not attributed to persistent or new organism group.
  4. dInfection was assumed if pyuria (>20 leukocytes/μL) was present in concomitant urinalysis.
  5. eTwo isolates in nine cultures.
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BMC Medicine

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