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Table 2 Population prevalence of risk factors for NCDs among men (≥18 years)

From: High prevalence of hypertension and of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs): a population based cross-sectional survey of NCDS and HIV infection in Northwestern Tanzania and Southern Uganda

Tanzania – Total men

Mwanza municipality (number = 77)

District towns (number = 153)

Rural (number = 275)

 

Weighted % (95 % CI)a

Unweighted Nb

Weighted % (95 % CI)a

Unweighted Nb

Weighted % (95 % CI)a

Unweighted Nb

Smoking

      

 Current smoker

18.6 % (7.9–38.0)

14

14.8 % (8.2–25.1)

23

22.7 % (17.1–29.5)

64

 Ex–smoker

8.7 % (3.4–20.5)

6

16.3 % (8.6–28.7)

23

15.6 % (11.7–20.4)

45

 Never smoked

72.7 % (54.4–85.6)

57

68.9 % (58.9–77.5)

107

61.7 % (54.4–68.5)

166

Alcohol consumption

      

 Never drinks

58.8 % (51.3–65.9)

46

49.6 % (41.0–58.2)

77

54.8 % (48.2–61.3)

148

 No drinking in past 12 months

12.7 % (8.7–18.3)

10

24.2 % (18.0–31.8)

36

30.0 % (25.1–35.3)

86

 Drinking in past 12 months

28.5 % (23.1–34.5)

21

26.2 % (18.6–35.6)

40

15.2 % (11.8–19.4)

41

AUDIT scale (among drinkers)c

      

 Non problem drinking

48.4 % (35.6–61.4)

10

49.5 % (30.2–68.9)

19

61.1 % (44.6–75.4)

24

 Problem drinking

51.6 % (38.6–64.4)

11

50.5 % (31.1–69.8)

20

38.9 % (24.6–55.4)

17

Eats fewer than one serving of fruit/vegetables per dayd

28.9 % (20.0–39.7)

17

28.0 % (19.2–39.0)

31

40.1 % (31.5–49.5)

78

Eats fruit/vegetables fewer than 5 days/week

25.3 % (17.9–34.3)

20

24.3 % (17.5–32.8)

38

33.8 % (24.6–44.5)

86

Days of vigorous physical activity/weeke

      

 None

29.8 % (19.1–43.1)

25

35.0 % (27.8–42.9)

53

21.3 % (16.9–26.5)

59

 1–2

7.0 % (2.6–17.7)

7

7.9 % (4.6–13.2)

12

6.4 % (3.6–11.2)

19

 3–4

11.0 % (3.9–27.4)

8

7.5 % (4.3–13.0)

12

8.1 % (5.2–12.3)

23

 5+

52.3 % (35.6–68.5)

37

49.6 % (39.0–60.3)

76

64.2 % (59.0–69.0)

174

BMI category (kg/m2)f

      

 Underweight (<18.5)

15.5 % (9.6–24.1)

11

7.0 % (3.5–13.7)

10

17.2 % (12.7–23.0)

44

 Normal (18.5– < 25)

71.1 % (63.5–77.7)

54

78.3 % (70.8–84.3)

120

77.6 % (72.4–82.1)

214

 Overweight (25– < 30)

8.4 % (4.4–15.5)

6

8.0 % (4.7–13.3)

12

4.3 % (2.0–9.0 )

13

 Obese (≥30)

5.0 % (2.3–10.4)

4

6.7 % (3.1–13.6)

10

0.8 % (0.2–3.3 )

2

Waist circumference >94 cmf

10.6 % (4.4–23.1)

8

13.4 % (8.1–21.4)

20

1.6 % (0.7–3.9 )

5

Uganda– Total men

Entebbe municipality (number = 79)

District towns (number = 108)

Rural (number = 188)

Smokingg

      

 Current smoker

17.7 % (8.6–33.1)

14

12.2 % (6.3–22.3)

10

17.4 % (11.6–25.4)

33

 Ex–smoker

15.2 % (8.9–24.8)

12

11.0 % (6.1–19.0)

12

16.0 % (11.7–21.6)

30

 Never smoked

67.1 % (52.8–78.8)

53

76.8 % (63.8–86.2)

85

66.5 % (56.2–75.5)

125

Alcohol consumption

      

 Never drinks

26.6 % (16.7–39.6)

21

44.8 % (35.7–54.1)

43

28.7 % (21.1–37.8)

52

 No drinking in past 12 months

15.2 % (7.6–27.9)

12

22.0 % (12.9–35.0)

25

20.5 % (15.9–26.0)

42

 Drinking in past 12 months

58.2 % (44.0–71.2)

46

33.2 % (23.5–44.6)

40

50.8 % (41.6–60.0)

94

AUDIT scale (among drinkers)h

      

 Non problem drinking

80.0 % (70.1–87.2)

36

86.5 % (71.7–94.1)

37

88.1 % (75.2–94.8)

83

 Problem drinking

20.0 % (12.8–29.9)

9

13.5 % (5.9–28.3)

3

11.9 % (5.2–24.8)

11

Eats fewer than one serving of fruit/vegetables per day

41.8 % (29.8–54.7)

33

59.9 % (51.9–67.4)

70

70.0 % (61.8–77.0)

135

Eats fruit/vegetables fewer than 5 days/week

39.2 % (28.4–51.2)

31

60.9 % (53.8–67.5)

65

58.0 % (47.9–67.4)

114

Days of vigorous physical activity/weeke

      

 None

59.5 % (52.4–66.2)

47

68.8 % (56.0–79.3)

75

72.5 % (63.7–79.8)

140

 1–2

12.7 % (4.8–29.2)

10

9.3 % (4.3–18.8)

9

4.2 % (1.6–10.6)

7

 3–4

10.1 % (5.6–17.6)

8

0.4 % (0.1–1.1 )

4

6.0 % (3.1–11.5)

11

 5+

17.7 % (7.5–36.3)

14

21.5 % (11.8–36.1)

20

17.3 % (11.3–25.5)

30

BMI category (kg/m2)i

      

 Underweight (<18.5)

2.6 % (0.7–8.8 )

2

8.1 % (3.3–18.7)

9

16.0 % (10.6–23.4)

30

 Normal (18.5– < 25)

85.7 % (75.1–92.3)

66

71.4 % (60.2–80.5)

80

74.8 % (67.6–80.9)

142

 Overweight (25– < 30)

9.1 % (3.0–24.3)

7

14.2 % (7.6–25.0)

12

8.5 % (4.8–14.7)

15

 Obese (≥30)

2.6 % (0.7–9.0 )

2

6.3 % (3.0–12.8)

5

0.7 % (0.1–4.7 )

1

Waist circumference >94 cmi

7.6 % (3.1–17.7)

6

15.6 % (9.2–25.2)

12

3.5 % (1.5–8.0 )

6

  1. aWeighted estimates, adjusted for survey design with sampling weights applied. See footnote 1 of Table 1; bactual number of respondents, without sampling weights applied; cmissing for 1 participant from district towns. dmissing for 14 participants from Mwanza municipality, 42 from district towns and for 82 rural participants (majority did not recall how many servings of vegetables they ate); edefined as spending at least 10 minutes continuously in vigorous–intensity activity per day (as per WHO STEPS Survey questionnaire); fBMI missing for 2 participants from Mwanza municipality, 1 from district towns and for 2 rural participants. Waist circumference data missing for 1 participant from Mwanza municipality; gsmoking data missing for 1 participant from Entebbe municipality; hAUDIT score missing for 1 participant from Entebbe municipality; iBMI data missing for 2 participants from Entebbe municipality and 2 from district towns. Waist circumference data missing for 2 participants from district towns. AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; NCDs, non-communicable diseases
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