Skip to main content

Table 3 Population prevalence of risk factors for NCDs among women (≥18 years)

From: High prevalence of hypertension and of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs): a population based cross-sectional survey of NCDS and HIV infection in Northwestern Tanzania and Southern Uganda

Tanzania– Total women

Mwanza municipality (number = 98)

District towns (number = 191)

Rural (number = 301)

 

Weighted % (95 % CI)a

Unweighted Nb

Weighted % (95 % CI)a

Unweighted Nb

Weighted % (95 % CI)a

Unweighted Nb

Smoking

      

 Current smoker

2.9 % (0.8–10.0)

3

1.3 % (0.3–6.3 )

3

1.2 % (0.3–5.1 )

3

 Ex–smoker

3.5 % (1.2–9.7 )

3

1.1 % (0.3–4.2 )

2

1.3 % (0.5–3.4 )

4

 Never smoked

93.6 % (85.4–97.3)

92

97.6 % (93.5–99.1)

186

97.6 % (94.9–98.9)

294

Alcohol consumption

      

 Never drinks

75.2 % (61.7–85.1)

75

66.4 % (58.6–73.4)

128

76.5 % (68.7–82.8)

231

 No drinking in past 12 months

11.2 % (6.2–19.3)

11

24.2 % (18.5–30.9)

44

19.1 % (13.2–26.9)

59

 Drinking in past 12 months

13.6 % (6.2–27.1)

12

9.4 % (5.8–14.8)

19

4.4 % (2.5–7.4 )

11

AUDIT scale (among drinkers)c

      

 Non problem drinking

58.6 % (30.8–81.8)

7

78.6 % (59.2–90.3)

14

72.4 % (41.2–90.8)

8

 Problem drinking

41.4 % (18.2–69.2)

5

21.4 % (9.7–40.8)

4

27.6 % (9.2–58.8)

3

Eats fewer than one serving of fruit/vegetables per dayd

27.9 % (16.0–44.0)

26

22.3 % (14.1–33.3)

35

34.8 % (24.7–46.5)

75

Eats fruit/vegetables fewer than 5 days/week

31.0 % (18.8–46.7)

31

19.7 % (12.4–29.9)

40

25.7 % (18.0–35.1)

72

Days of vigorous physical activity/weeke,f

      

 None

59.6 % (48.2–70.1)

58

65.7 % (56.8–73.7)

127

34.0 % (27.4–41.2)

103

 1–2

4.9 % (1.9–12.1)

5

5.5 % (3.3–9.0 )

10

3.2 % (2.0–5.2 )

10

 3–4

5.4 % (2.0–13.8)

5

3.7 % (1.7–7.7 )

7

9.3 % (5.8–14.5)

28

 5+

30.1 % (21.2–40.6)

29

25.1 % (17.6–34.5)

47

53.5 % (45.2–61.7)

160

BMI category (kg/m2) g,h

      

 Underweight (<18.5)

10.8 % (7.2–16.0)

11

7.4 % (4.1–13.2)

14

9.8 % (6.7–14.1)

25

 Normal (18.5– < 25)

56.1 % (47.4–64.5)

53

53.3 % (45.7–60.7)

98

74.4 % (68.1–79.9)

204

 Overweight (25– < 30)

24.0 % (17.9–31.5)

22

17.6 % (13.2–23.1)

32

12.8 % (8.8–18.1)

37

 Obese (≥30)

9.0 % (4.9–15.9)

9

21.7 % (14.3–31.6)

38

3.0 % (1.2–7.3 )

8

Waist circumference >80 cmg

40.2 % (30.6-50.6)

37

47.5 % (38.6-56.5)

85

32.4 % (26.4-39.1)

93

Uganda– Total women

Entebbe municipality (n = 127)

District towns (n = 170)

Rural (n = 244)

Smoking

      

 Current smoker

1.6 % (0.4–5.7 )

2

3.3 % (1.1–9.0 )

5

2.1 % (0.9–4.9 )

6

 Ex–smoker

3.9 % (1.5–9.6 )

5

1.1 % (0.2–6.8 )

2

4.1 % (2.3–7.3 )

9

 Never smoked

94.5 % (87.3–97.7)

120

95.6 % (90.4–98.1)

163

93.7 % (89.3–96.4)

229

Alcohol consumption

      

 Never drinks

36.2 % (27.4–46.0)

46

46.1 % (37.0–55.5)

78

45.9 % (38.4–53.6)

115

 No drinking in past 12 months

28.3 % (18.3–41.1)

36

23.0 % (16.5–31.0)

38

25.6 % (18.1–34.8)

61

 Drinking in past 12 months

35.4 % (25.0–47.5)

45

30.9 % (26.8–35.3)

54

28.5 % (20.6–37.8)

68

AUDIT scale (among drinkers)

      

 Non problem drinking

97.8 % (83.6–99.7)

44

96.6 % (81.5–99.5)

53

94.5 % (84.2–98.2)

64

 Problem drinking

2.2 % (0.3–16.4)

1

3.4 % (0.5–18.5)

1

5.5 % (1.8–15.8)

4

Eats fewer than one serving of fruit/vegetables per day

46.5 % (36.0–57.2)

59

58.1 % (48.6–67.1)

112

63.5 % (54.6–71.5)

158

Eats fruit/vegetables fewer than 5 days/week

44.9 % (35.3–54.8)

57

43.0 % (33.3–53.2)

90

51.2 % (44.0–58.4)

128

Days of vigorous physical activity/weeke

      

 None

81.9 % (64.7–91.8)

104

95.6 % (89.4–98.2)

162

91.9 % (84.0–96.1)

225

 1–2

7.9 % (3.0–19.3)

10

1.1 % (0.1–8.0 )

2

3.1 % (1.4–6.6 )

7

 3–4

2.4 % (0.5–9.6 )

3

2.2 % (0.6–7.5 )

3

0.5 % (0.1–4.0 )

1

 5+

7.9 % (3.2–18.1)

10

1.2 % (0.2–8.0 )

3

4.5 % (1.9–9.9 )

11

BMI category (kg/m2)i,j

      

 Underweight (<18.5)

1.7 % (0.4–6.2 )

2

0.4 % (0.1–0.9 )

5

10.0 % (6.3–15.5)

26

 Normal (18.5– < 25)

55.4 % (42.5–67.5)

67

54.1 % (45.0–63.0)

83

48.2 % (38.7–57.9)

114

 Overweight (25– < 30)

24.8 % (17.2–34.4)

30

30.1 % (23.9–37.1)

46

30.3 % (23.6–38.0)

63

 Obese (≥30)

18.2 % (9.9–31.0)

22

15.4 % (11.1–21.1)

21

11.4 % (7.4–17.2)

24

Waist circumference >80 cmk

39.8 % (26.4–55.0)

49

41.9 % (33.2–51.1)

68

44.6 % (37.9–51.6)

95

  1. aWeighted estimates, adjusted for survey design with sampling weights applied. See footnote 1 of Table 1; bactual number of respondents, without sampling weights applied; cmissing for 1 participant from district towns; dmissing for 10 participants from Mwanza municipality, 39 from district towns and 78 rural participants (majority did not recall how many servings of vegetables they ate); edefined as spending at least 10 minutes continuously in vigorous–intensity activity per day (as per WHO STEPS Survey questionnaire); fmissing for 1 participant from Mwanza municipality; gBMI and waist circumference results exclude 35 pregnant women; hmissing for 4 rural participants; iBMI and waist circumference results exclude 33 pregnant women; jmissing for 3 participants from Entebbe municipality, 1 from district towns and 1 rural participant. kmissing for 1 participant from Entebbe municipality. AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; NCDs, non-communicable diseases
Back to article page

BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

Contact us