| Number with hypertension / total Number (%)b | Age-, sex- and stratum adjusted OR (95 % CI)c | Adjusted OR (95 % CI)c,d |
---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic | Â | Â | Â |
Age group | Â | P <0.001 | P <0.001 |
 18–24 years | 39 / 569 (6.9 %) | 1 | 1 |
 25–34 years | 63 / 598 (10.5 %) | 1.61 (1.04 – 2.49) | 1.62 (1.00 – 2.62) |
 35–44 years | 73 / 329 (22.2 %) | 4.04 (2.80 – 5.84) | 4.01 (2.53 – 6.36) |
 ≥45 years | 223 / 513 (43.5 %) | 11.23 (7.84 – 16.10) | 10.30 (6.41 – 16.54) |
Sex | Â | P = 0.008 | P = 0.002 |
 Male | 196 / 878 (22.3 %) | 1 | 1 |
 Female | 202 / 1131 (17.9 %) | 0.72 (0.57 – 0.92) | 0.67 (0.53 – 0.86) |
Marital status | Â | P = 0.03 | P = 0.02 |
 Married/living as married | 227 / 1205 (18.8 %) | 1 | 1 |
 Divorced/separated/widowed | 125 / 351 (35.6 %) | 1.52 (1.11 -2.07 ) | 1.49 (1.11 -2.00 ) |
 Single | 46 / 453 (10.2 %) | 1.22 (0.76 -1.96 ) | 1.31 (0.81 -2.11 ) |
Education | Â | P = 0.06 | P = 0.06 |
 Secondary or above | 91 / 675 (13.5 %) | 1 | 1 |
 Primary | 135 / 651 (20.7 %) | 1.62 (1.09 -2.40 ) | 1.62 (1.09 -2.40 ) |
 None/incomplete primary | 172 / 683 (25.2 %) | 1.45 (0.99 -2.13 ) | 1.40 (0.95 -2.05 ) |
Monthly income (USD) | Â | P = 0.32 | P = 0.44 |
 Top tertile | 119 / 655 (18.2 %) | 1 | 1 |
 Middle tertile | 120 / 663 (18.1 %) | 1.02 (0.71 -1.46 ) | 0.96 (0.65 -1.40 ) |
 Lower tertile | 159 / 691 (23.0 %) | 1.24 (0.90 -1.70 ) | 1.16 (0.82 -1.64 ) |
Behavioral | Â | Â | Adjusted OR (95Â % CI) c,e |
Smoking | Â | P = 0.004 | P = 0.001 |
 Never smoked | 320 / 1676 (19.1 %) | 1 | 1 |
 Ex–smoker | 37 / 153 (24.2 %) | 0.59 (0.40 -0.87 ) | 0.56 (0.38 -0.82 ) |
 Current smoker | 41 / 179 (22.9 %) | 0.57 (0.38 -0.84 ) | 0.51 (0.35 -0.77 ) |
Alcohol consumption | Â | P = 0.93 | P = 0.59 |
 Never drinks/no drinking in past 12 months | 273 / 1518 (18.0 %) | 1 | 1 |
 Non–problem drinking7 | 100 / 399 (25.1 %) | 1.00 (0.74 -1.36 ) | 1.05 (0.76 -1.43 ) |
 Problem drinking7 | 24 / 89 (27.0 %) | 1.11 (0.63 -1.95 ) | 1.36 (0.75 -2.46 ) |
Eats fruit/vegetables fewer than five days/week | Â | P = 0.69 | P = 0.60 |
 No | 239 / 1238 (19.3 %) | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 159 / 771 (20.6 %) | 1.05 (0.81 -1.37 ) | 1.08 (0.82 -1.42 ) |
Days of vigorous physical activity/week | Â | P = 0.38 | P = 0.32 |
 None | 255 / 1178 (21.6 %) | 1.27 (0.89 -1.80 ) | 1.29 (0.90 -1.85 ) |
 1–4 | 35 / 221 (15.8 %) | 1.08 (0.66 -1.77 ) | 1.07 (0.65 -1.77 ) |
 5+ | 108 / 609 (17.7 %) | 1 | 1 |
Anthropometric | Â | Â | Adjusted OR (95Â % CI) c,f |
BMI category (kg/m2) | Â | P <0.001 | P = 0.06 |
 Underweight (<18.5) | 29 / 191 (15.2 %) | 0.57 (0.35 -0.93 ) | 0.60 (0.37 -0.97 ) |
 Normal (18.5– < 25) | 217 / 1337 (16.2 %) | 1 | 1 |
 Overweight (25– < 30) | 92 / 309 (29.8 %) | 2.00 (1.37 -2.92 ) | 1.51 (0.94 -2.43 ) |
 Obese (≥30) | 52 / 155 (33.5 %) | 2.15 (1.34 -3.45 ) | 1.57 (0.95 -2.59 ) |
Waist circumference >94Â cm (M)/>80Â cm (F) | Â | P <0.001 | P = 0.02 |
 No | 235 / 1474 (15.9 %) | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 161 / 531 (30.3 %) | 2.47 (1.66 -3.69 ) | 1.83 (1.12 - 3.01) |