From: Age-related frailty and its association with biological markers of ageing
Biomarker | Cut off point | Direction of risk | Number of participants | P value** | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
At lower risk | At higher risk | ||||
Inflammation* | |||||
Cytomegalovirus serology (IgG) | Positive | 108 | 641 | 0.327 | |
High sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L) | >25 | High | 737 | 37 | <0.001 |
IL-6, basal (pg/mL) | >15 | High | 27 | 676 | 0.399 |
IL-6, post-stimulation (pg/mL) | >1100 | High | 176 | 527 | 0.92 |
TNF-alpha, basal (pg/mL) | <95 | Low | 55 | 637 | 0.646 |
TNF-alpha, post-stimulation (pg/mL) | >80 | High | 60 | 643 | 0.116 |
Leptin (ng/mL) | <40 | Low | 214 | 495 | 0.023 |
Adiponectin (μg/mL) | >20 | High | 657 | 83 | 0.012 |
Homocysteine (μmol/L) | >30 | High | 422 | 35 | 0.006 |
Albumin (g/L) | <40 | Low | 365 | 397 | <0.001 |
Haematological | |||||
Haemoglobin (g/dL) | <11 | Low | 676 | 76 | <0.001 |
Platelets (×109/L) | <170 | Low | 675 | 73 | 0.003 |
White blood cells (×109/L) | >7 | High | 470 | 274 | 0.035 |
Neutrophils (×109/L) | >7 | High | 715 | 29 | 0.007 |
Lymphocytes (×109/L) | <1.5 | Low | 530 | 214 | 0.028 |
Monocytes (×109/L) | >0.75 | High | 639 | 105 | 0.14 |
Basophils (×109/L) | <0.06 | Low | 156 | 588 | 0.156 |
Eosinophils (×109/L) | >0.5 | High | 688 | 56 | 0.15 |
Immunosenescence | |||||
CD4 T cells (%Â T cells) | <44 | Low | 345 | 367 | 0.029 |
CD8 T cells (%Â T cells) | >35 | High | 579 | 128 | 0.015 |
CD8 TEMRA T cells (% CD8 T cells) | >0.6 | High | 672 | 36 | 0.014 |
Senescent Memory CD4 T cells (% Memory CD4 T cells) | >70 | High | 618 | 93 | 0.079 |
Memory CD4 T cells (% CD4 T cells) | >35 | High | 672 | 43 | 0.057 |
CD4/CD8 T cell ratio | <0.6 | Low | 662 | 31 | 0.005 |
Memory/naïve CD4 T cell ratio | >3.3 | High | 692 | 20 | 0.034 |
Memory/naïve CD8 T cell ratio | >15 | High | 677 | 20 | 0.352 |
Memory/naïve B cell ratio | >2.5 | High | 652 | 36 | 0.026 |
Cellular ageing/Oxidative stress | |||||
Telomere length (bp) | <3000 | Low | 634 | 66 | 0.118 |
DNA repair (%) | <20 | Low | 589 | 156 | 0.078 |
DNA damage/DNA repair ratio | >6.5 | High | 688 | 44 | 0.063 |
TGF beta, transforming growth factor beta (ng/mL) | <20 | Low | 102 | 644 | 0.003 |
IGFBP1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (ng/mL) | >150 | High | 574 | 162 | 0.001 |
IGFBP3, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (ng/mL) | <800 | Low | 92 | 652 | 0.357 |
iPF2alpha-III (LC/MS/MS) (ng/mL) | <4.5 | Low | 85 | 629 | 0.053 |
iPF2alpha-VI (LC/MS/MS) (ng/mL) | <4 | Low | 423 | 291 | 0.1 |
iPF2alpha-III (AutoDELFIA) (ng/mL) | <0.6 | Low | 512 | 103 | 0.258 |
Genetic/Epigenetic | |||||
Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup | X, I, heteroplasmic | 675 | 30 | 0.031 | |
APOE genotype | E4 | 454 | 167 | 0.024 | |
CPG island DNA methylation (%) | >7 | High | 28 | 451 | 0.67 |
Line1 DNA methylation, surrogate for genome-wide DNA methylation (%) | >80 | High | 73 | 197 | 0.63 |