Skip to main content

Table 2 Prevalence of any morbidity, multimorbidity, and four health outcome measures by background characteristics, WHO-SAGE Wave 1 (2007/10)

From: The impact of multimorbidity on adult physical and mental health in low- and middle-income countries: what does the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) reveal?

Background variables

Any morbidity, % (95 % CI)

Multimorbidity, % (95 % CI)

1+ ADL, % (95 % CI)

Depression, % (95 % CI)

Poor self-rated health, % (95 % CI)

Mean WHOQoL score (95 % CI)

Age group

      

18–49

43.8 (41.9–45.7)

12.3 (11.3–13.5)

9.1 (8.2–10.0)

4.9 (4.2–5.7)

7.4 (6.5–8.5)

55.4 (54.9–55.9)

50–59

73.5 (71.7–75.2)

34.8 (33.1–36.4)

16.8 (15.5–18.3)

6.4 (5.1–7.9)

16.2 (15.0–17.5)

53.3 (52.8–53.8)

60–69

83.5 (82.1–84.8)

50.1 (48.5–51.7)

27.7 (25.9–29.6)

8.2 (7.2–9.3)

22.3 (20.6–24.1)

51.5 (50.8–52.3)

70+

87.7 (85.8–89.4)

60.7 (58.4–62.9)

44 (41.7–46.4)

9.6 (8.4–10.9)

33.6 (31.6–35.6)

49.2 (48.4–50.0)

Sex

      

Male

53.3 (51.1–55.5)

19.0 (17.7–20.3)

10.1 (9.1–11.2)

4.7 (4.0–5.6)

10.1 (9.1–11.3)

55.1 (54.6–55.7)

Female

55.2 (53.3–57.0)

24.8 (23.5–26.2)

18 (16.8–19.2)

6.7 (5.9–7.5)

13.1 (12.2–14.1)

53.7 (53.1–54.2)

Residence

      

Urban

51.3 (48.7–54.0)

20.5 (18.8–22.4)

10.0 (8.7–11.4)

5.0 (3.9–6.4)

8.4 (7.5–9.4)

55.5 (54.7–56.2)

Rural

56.6 (54.8–58.4)

22.9 (21.9–24.1)

17.2 (16.2–18.3)

6.2 (5.6–7.0)

14.2 (13.1–15.3)

53.5 (53.0–54.1)

Years of schooling

      

No schooling

66.0 (63.7–68.2)

35.2 (33.2–37.3)

33.6 (31.4–35.9)

12.0 (10.6–13.5)

18.6 (17.2–20.1)

51.0 (50.1–51.9)

1–5 years

63.0 (60.3–65.6)

28.0 (25.6–30.6)

18.7 (16.5–21.1)

5.8 (4.7–7.2)

18.6 (16.2–21.2)

51.7 (50.9–52.5)

6–9 years

52.3 (49.8–54.8)

17.5 (16.0–19.0)

8.7 (7.6–9.9)

4.3 (3.5–5.4)

10.6 (9.2–12.2)

54.3 (53.7–54.9)

10+ years

45.3 (42.3–48.4)

16.0 (14.0–18.3)

6.3 (5.5–7.2)

3.7 (2.9–4.6)

5.2 (4.4–6.2)

57.5 (56.8–58.3)

Wealth quintile

      

Lowest

59.4 (56.7–62.0)

28.2 (25.9–30.7)

24.2 (21.7–26.9)

8.5 (7.0–10.2)

19.4 (17.3–21.6)

48.0 (47.2–48.8)

Second

57 (53.9–60.1)

23.6 (21.6–25.6)

18.5 (16.5–20.6)

6.7 (5.6–8.0)

15 (13.3–16.8)

52.1 (51.4–52.8)

Middle

55.7 (51.8–59.6)

22.0 (19.9–24.3)

14.3 (12.8–16.0)

6.5 (5.4–7.8)

13.9 (12.3–15.6)

53.7 (53.0–54.5)

Fourth

56.9 (53.4–60.4)

21.9 (19.9–24.0)

11.1 (9.8–12.6)

5.2 (4.0–6.7)

10.2 (8.7–12.0)

55.6 (54.8–56.4)

Highest

46.7 (43.8–49.6)

17.3 (15.3–19.4)

7.6 (6.6–8.7)

3.5 (2.8–4.3)

4.9 (4.0–6.0)

58.7 (58.0–59.4)

Country

      

China

55 (52.5–57.4)

20.3 (19.1–21.7)

5.6 (4.9–6.2)

1.6 (1.2–2.2)

12.5 (11.4–13.6)

54.9 (54.2–55.6)

Ghana

62.1 (58.6–65.4)

22.0 (19.3–25.1)

16.7 (14.7–18.9)

5.2 (4.0–6.7)

8.9 (7.4–10.8)

52.3 (51.4–53.1)

India

51.6 (49.8–53.4)

22.0 (20.5–23.5)

26.2 (24.6–27.9)

11.6 (10.1–13.2)

10.9 (9.8–12.1)

53.7 (53.1–54.4)

Mexico

52.7 (45.2–60.0)

22.1 (18.2–26.4)

19.0 (14.6–24.4)

9.3 (6.5–13.1)

6.9 (4.6–10.2)

55.3 (53.8–56.9)

Russia

59.7 (51.6–67.3)

34.7 (27.4–42.8)

11.6 (9.4–14.1)

4.9 (3.6–6.7)

11.3 (8.6–14.7)

53.5 (52.2–54.9)

South Africa

69.4 (62.2–75.8)

22.5 (18.2–27.4)

19.4 (14.9–24.9)

5.0 (2.5–9.9)

9.7 (7.0–13.3)

53.8 (51.7–55.8)

Number of diseases

      

0

–

–

7.1 (6.2–8.1)

3.2 (2.5–4.0)

5.8 (4.9–7.0)

57.0 (56.3–57.6)

1

–

–

11.6 (10.6–12.6)

4.7 (3.9–5.7)

10.1 (8.9–11.4)

54.3 (53.7–54.9)

2

–

–

25.0 (22.6–27.4)

9.8 (8.2–11.6)

18.7 (16.8–20.7)

51.0 (50.2–51.8)

3

–

–

37.1 (33.5–40.8)

12.3 (10.1–14.9)

33.5 (30.2–36.9)

47.0 (45.9–48.0)

4+

–

–

58.7 (53.4–63.8)

27.0 (22.1–32.4)

50.0 (45.2–54.7)

43.3 (42.0–44.6)

Total

54.2 (52.7–55.8)

21.9 (20.9–22.9)

14.0 (13.2–14.8)

5.7 (5.0–6.4)

11.6 (10.9–12.4)

54.4 (53.9–54.9)

  1. Percentage estimates are weighted by the pooled country weight. Higher WHOQoL score indicates better quality of life (on a scale of 0 to 100)