Table 3 Multilevel multinomial logit model estimates examining the correlates of multimorbidity

Age

 18–49 ^R

 50–59

2.50*** (2.31–2.7)

5.10*** (4.68–5.58)

 60–69

3.37*** (3.09–3.71)

10.75*** (9.73–11.85)

 70+

4.04*** (3.58–4.52)

17.96*** (15.90–20.22)

Sex

 Male ^R

 Female

1.04 (0.98–1.12)

1.26*** (1.17–1.35)

Residence

 Urban ^R

 Rural

1.04 (0.97–1.11)

0.95* (0.88–1.01)

Marital status

 Never married ^R

 Currently married/cohabiting

1.53*** (1.37–1.72)

1.59*** (1.41–1.77)

 Widowed/divorced

1.74*** (1.54–2.03)

1.95*** (1.71–2.18)

Years of schooling

 No formal schooling ^R

 1–5 years

0.96 (0.87–1.05)

0.92** (0.83–1.00)

 6–9 years

0.79*** (0.72–0.86)

0.71*** (0.64–0.77)

 10+ years

0.71*** (0.64–0.77)

0.53*** (0.48–0.59)

Wealth quintile

 Lowest ^R

 Lower

1.06 (0.95–1.16)

1.02 (0.91–1.12)

 Middle

1.12** (1.01–1.22)

1.04 (0.94–1.14)

 Higher

1.03 (0.94–1.13)

0.92* (0.83–1.02)

 Highest

1.02 (0.92–1.13)

0.87*** (0.77–0.96)

Waist-hip ratio

 High risk

1.12*** (1.05–1.19)

1.34*** (1.26–1.43)

 Low risk ^R

Body mass index

 Obese

1.58*** (1.39–1.76)

2.26*** (2–2.52)

 Not obese ^R

Physical activity

 Active ^R

 Inactive

1.02 (0.95–1.1)

1.14*** (1.07–1.23)

Daily tobacco consumption

 No ^R

 Yes

1.00 (0.93–1.08)

1.00 (0.93–1.09)

Alcohol consumption

 No ^R

 Yes

1.14*** (1.04–1.27)

1.12** (1.01–1.24)

Random part

 Country level variance

 Variance (cons_1)

 Covariance (cons_1,cons_2)

 Variance (cons_2)

 Province level variance

 Variance (cons_1)

 Covariance (cons_1,cons_2)

 Variance (cons_2)