Table 2 Methodological quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale [12]
From: Sex differences in medico-legal action against doctors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Cohort studies | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selection | Comparability | Outcome | ||||||
Representativeness of exposed cohort | Selection of non exposed cohort | Ascertainment of exposure | Demonstration outcome not present at start of study | Comparability of cohorts | Ascertainment of outcome | Follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur | Adequacy of follow up of cohorts | |
Alam et al. [14] (2011) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | |
Alam et al. [13] (2013) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | |
Baldwin et al. [24] (1991) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ |
Birkeland et al. [15] (2013) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ |
Bismark et al. [38] (2013) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ |
Donaldson et al. [39] (2014) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | |
Elkin et al. [18] (2011) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ |
Ely et al. [26] (1999) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ |
Goldenbaum et al. [36] (2008) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | |
Hickson et al. [27] (2002) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ |
Khaliq et al. [19] (2005) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ |
Pande et al. [37] (2013) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | |
Papadakis et al. [20] (2008) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ |
St George[32] (2003) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | |
Tamblyn et al. [33] (2007) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ |
Taragin et al. [28] (1992) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ |
Weycker et al. [30] (2000) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ |
Case-control and Cross-sectional studies | ||||||||
Selection | Comparability | Exposure | ||||||
Case definition | Representativeness of cases | Selection of controls | Definition of controls | Comparability of cases and controls | Ascertainment of exposure | Method of ascertainment for cases and controls | Non-response rate | |
Cardarelli et al. [16] (2004) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ |
Clay et al. [17] (2003) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | |
Kohatsu et al. [6] (2004) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | |
Morrison et al. [7] (1998) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ |
Papadakis et al. [8] (2004) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | |
Papadakis et al. [9] (2005) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ |
Yates et al. [22] (2010) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | |
Balch et al. [23] (2011) | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ||||
Chauhan et al. [25] (2005) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | |||
Nash et al. [35] (2009) | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ||||
Nash et al. [34] (2009) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ||||
Unwin et al. [5] (2014) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ |
Wakeford et al. [21] (2011) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | |
Weisman et al. [29] (1988) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | |||
Wu et al. [31] (2009) | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | |||