Table 3 CpG sites showing significant differences in DNA methylation between cases with PDR and controls (FDR q <5 %, Additional file 3: Table S3), that are also nominally differentially methylated in the same direction in the converters of the prospective cohort at P <0.05

cg26703534

5

AHRR

Body

S Shelf

63.6 ± 2.6

59.9 ± 4.1

−3.7

9.5 × 10⁻⁴

0.17

cg05575921

5

AHRR

Body

N Shore

82.4 ± 6.3

75.0 ± 8.1

−7.4

2.1 × 10⁻³

0.18

cg07339236

20

ATP9A

Body

Open sea

18.0 ± 2.5

15.6 ± 1.6

−2.4

0.013

0.35

cg05026884

X

BCOR

5′UTR

Island

26.5 ± 11.1

22.7 ± 4.7

−3.8

4.2 × 10⁻³

0.21

cg01490258

X

BCOR

5′UTR

N Shore

13.2 ± 2.9

12.4 ± 2.0

−0.8

0.010

0.33

cg23701759

X

BCOR

5′UTR

Island

34.9 ± 4.9

30.9 ± 3.7

−4.0

0.014

0.35

cg10055320

X

BCOR

5′UTR

N Shore

42.2 ± 4.4

39.2 ± 5.1

−3.0

0.029

0.50

cg00507154

19

C19orf76

1^st Exon; 5′UTR

Island

70.2 ± 4.6

67.7 ± 2.6

−2.5

0.030

0.50

cg08601628

8

C8orf74

Body

Open sea

82.5 ± 3.0

80.6 ± 3.2

−1.9

0.022

0.43

cg12993916

6

DTNBP1

Body

Open sea

78.9 ± 3.0

76.8 ± 3.7

−2.1

0.015

0.35

cg03636183

19

F2RL3

Body

N Shore

68.9 ± 4.4

65.1 ± 4.7

−3.8

9.3 × 10⁻³

0.32

cg02942825

19

GIPR

3′UTR

S Shore

49.8 ± 3.2

48.0 ± 5.8

−1.8

0.050

0.62

cg17808910

7

GLCCI1

Body

S Shelf

73.7 ± 3.9

75.5 ± 4.6

1.8

0.048

0.62

cg26567012

5

GLRA1

3′UTR

Open sea

55.4 ± 3.8

52.0 ± 6.0

−3.4

0.030

0.50

cg01010839

10

NET1

TSS1500; Body

N Shore

71.2 ± 4.3

70.2 ± 2.2

−1.0

0.015

0.35

cg24796663

6

PHF1

TSS1500

N Shore

12.9 ± 1.8

11.3 ± 1.9

−1.6

1.5 × 10⁻³

0.17

cg11224624

8

PLEC1

Body

Island

2.1 ± 0.3

2.3 ± 0.3

0.2

0.033

0.52

cg22291265

19

SHANK1

Body

Open sea

7.5 ± 2.3

6.9 ± 1.3

−0.6

0.050

0.62

cg06589051

2

TGFBRAP1

TSS1500

S Shore

72.4 ± 2.0

70.2 ± 4.1

−2.2

0.040

0.61

cg08597832

8

TOP1MT

Body

N Shore

82.1 ± 2.5

79.8 ± 2.7

−2.3

0.020

0.41

cg11166303

2

TSSC1

Body

N Shore

67.8 ± 7.5

61.2 ± 8.5

−6.6

4.0 × 10⁻³

0.21

cg09577317

8

Intergenic

N Shore

83.9 ± 1.6

81.0 ± 1.2

−2.9

1.7 × 10⁻⁴

0.058

cg07948143

14

Intergenic

Open sea

75.5 ± 3.2

71.0 ± 4.6

−4.5

2.9 × 10⁻³

0.20

cg24058013

18

Intergenic

Island

89.8 ± 1.0

87.7 ± 1.8

−2.1

5.4 × 10⁻³

0.24

cg03889263

3

Intergenic

Open sea

20.0 ± 3.9

15.9 ± 2.6

−4.1

6.9 × 10⁻³

0.27

cg05546763

14

Intergenic

Island

82.0 ± 2.0

80.6 ± 2.3

−1.4

0.016

0.36

cg15342087

6

Intergenic

Open sea

81.1 ± 2.1

80.2 ± 2.2

−0.9

0.046

0.62

cg06126421

6

Intergenic

Open sea

69.2 ± 6.2

69.0 ± 4.4

−0.2

0.050

0.62