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Table 1 Definition of indicators

From: Benchmarking health system performance across states in Nigeria: a systematic analysis of levels and trends in key maternal and child health interventions and outcomes, 2000–2013

Indicator (abbreviation)

Definition

Data sources

Maternal and child health indicators

  

Antenatal care (ANC1, ANC4)

The proportion of women aged 15–49 years who gave birth in the given year and had one/four or more antenatal visits attended by skilled personnel (doctor, nurse, midwife, or clinical officer) at a health facility during the corresponding pregnancy

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 2007, 2011

LSS: 2003–2004

CWIQ: 2006

Skilled birth attendance (SBA)

The proportion of women aged 15–49 years who gave birth in the given year and delivered with a skilled birth attendant (a doctor, nurse, midwife, or clinical officer)

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 2007, 2011

CWIQ: 2006

SMART: 2013

In-facility deliveries (IFD)

The proportion of women aged 15–49 years who gave birth in a given year and delivered at a health facility

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 2007, 2011

CWIQ: 2006

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)

The proportion of children who were exclusively breastfed during their first six months after birth

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 1999, 2007, 2011

GHS: 2006, 2007, 2010, 2012

Prevalence of modern contraceptive use

The proportion of women aged 15–49 years who reported using a modern method of contraception

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 1999, 2007, 2011

GHS: 2006, 2007, 2010, 2012

LSS: 2003–2004, 2009–2010

Percentage of women who received two or more doses of the tetanus toxoid vaccine during pregnancy

The proportion of women aged 15–49 years who received two or more doses of the tetanus toxoid vaccine during their last pregnancy

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 2007, 2011

Childhood immunizations

  

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunization (BCG)

The proportion of children under 5 who were vaccinated against tuberculosis in the given year

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 1999, 2007, 2011

LSS: 2003–2004, 2009–2010

Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus immunization, three doses (DPT3)

The proportion of children aged 12–59 months old who received three doses of the diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine in the given year

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 1999, 2007, 2011

LSS: 2003–2004, 2009–2010

Measles immunization (Measles)

The proportion of children aged 12–59 months who received measles vaccination in the given year

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 1999, 2007, 2011

LSS: 2003–2004, 2009–2010

Oral polio vaccine immunization, three doses (OPV3)

The proportion of children aged 12–59 months who received three doses of the oral polio vaccine in the given year

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 1999, 2007, 2011

LSS: 2003–2004, 2009–2010

Malaria interventions

  

Intermittent preventive therapy for malaria during pregnancy, two doses (IPTp2)

The proportion of women aged 15–49 years who gave birth in the given year and received at least two treatment doses of Fansidar (sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine) at antenatal care visits during the corresponding pregnancy

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 2007, 2011

MIS: 2010

Indicator (abbreviation)

Definition

Data sources

Malaria interventions

  

Household ownership of ITNs (ITN own)

The proportion of households that own at least one insecticide-treated net (ITN)

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 2011

MIS: 2010

LSS: 2009–2010

Netmark: 2000, 2004, 2008

ITN use by children under 5 (ITN use)

The proportion of children under 5 who slept under an ITN the previous night

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 2007, 2011

MIS: 2010

LSS: 2009–2010

Netmark: 2000, 2004, 2008

Household ownership of ITNs or receipt of indoor residual spraying (ITN or IRS)

The proportion of households that own at least one ITN or were sprayed with an insecticide-based solution in the last 12 months, or both

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 2011

MIS: 2010

LSS: 2009–2010

Netmark: 2000, 2004, 2008

Percentage of febrile children under 5 who received ACTs

The proportion of children under 5 with a fever in the past two weeks who received artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) as treatment

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 2007, 2011

MIS: 2010

LSS: 2009–2010

Health outcomes

  

Under-5 mortality

The probability that a child born in the given year will die before reaching the age of 5; expressed in terms of under-5 deaths per 1,000 live births

DHS: 1990, 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 1999, 2007, 2011

MIS: 2010

Percentage of children under 5 who are underweight

The proportion of children under 5 who are underweight, as defined by weighing two or more standard deviations below the international anthropometric reference population median of weight for age

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 1999, 2007, 2011

Prevalence of wasting among children under 5

The proportion of children under 5 who are wasting, as defined by weighing two or more standard deviations below the international anthropometric reference population median of weight for height

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 1999, 2007, 2011

Prevalence of stunting among children under 5

The proportion of children under 5 who are stunted, as defined by weighing two or more standard deviations below the international anthropometric reference population median of height for age

DHS: 2003, 2008, 2013

MICS: 1999, 2007, 2011

  1. CWIQ, Core Wealth Indicator Questionnaire; DHS, Demographic and Health Survey; GHS, General Household Survey; LSS, Living Standards Survey; MICS, Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey; MIS, Malaria Indicator Survey; Netmark, Netmark Survey; SMART, Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition