Evidence for the free radical/oxidative stress theory of ageing from the CHANCES consortium: a meta-analysis of individual participant data

Table 2 Cross-sectional associations of established risk factors for mortality and high oxidative stress levels defined by derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) levels or total thiol levels (TTL)

Risk factors for mortality	Odds of high oxidative stress by
	d-ROMs^a	TTL^b
Increasing age	–	↑
Male sex	↓	↓
Decreasing education	–	(↓)^c
Increasing BMI	(↓)^d	↑
Former smoking	↑	–
Current smoking	↑	–
No alcohol consumption	–	–
High alcohol consumption^e	–	–
No performance of vigorous physical activity	–	–
Increasing total cholesterol	↑	–
Decreasing HDL cholesterol	(↓)^f	–
Increasing CRP	↑	↑
Renal impairment^g	–	↑
History of hypertension	↑	–
History of diabetes	–	–
History of MI	↑	–
History of stroke	–	–
History of cancer	↑	–

^ad-ROMs >400 Carr U
^bLowest quartile of TTL in the different cohorts, i.e. ESTHER <281.57 μmol/L; HAPIEE Poland cases and eligible controls <464 μmol/L; HAPIEE Czech Republic cases and eligible controls <371 μmol/L; HAPIEE Lithuania cases and eligible controls <283 μmol/L
^cNo association in age- and sex-adjusted model (Additional file 1: Table S4)
^dNo association in main model for all BMI categories with exception of the highest BMI category, which showed a statistically significantly increased odds for high oxidative stress (Additional file 1: Table S3)
^eDefinition of high alcohol consumption: women ≥20 and men ≥40 g ethanol per day
^fNo association in main model (Additional file 1: Table S3)
^gEstimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m²
BMI, Body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL, High-density lipoprotein; MI, Myocardial infarction; d-ROMs, Derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites; TTL, Total thiol levels

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