Baseline characteristic | Unit | ESTHER | SHIP | ELSA | Tromsø | KORA | NHANES |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline years for this analysis | 2000–2002 | 1997–2001 | 2004–2005 | 1994–1995 | 1999–2001 | 1988–1994 | |
Total sample size | 7,982 | 1,777 | 5,262 | 6,045 | 1,850 | 5,778 | |
Age | Years | 61.8 (6.6) | 63.4 (8.3) | 65.8 (9.7) | 61.6 (7.0) | 61.7 (7.1) | 67.9 (11.0) |
Age ≥65 years | % | 2,481 (31.1) | 733 (41.3) | 2,410 (45.8) | 1,958 (32.4) | 645 (34.9) | 3,157 (54.6) |
Male sex | % | 3,476 (43.6) | 905 (50.9) | 2,334 (44.4) | 2,550 (42.2) | 929 (50.2) | 2,774 (48.0) |
Race/ethnicity | |||||||
Non-Hispanic white | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 3,428 (60.3) |
Non-Hispanic black | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1,088 (18.8) |
Mexican-American | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 997 (17.3) |
Other | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 211 (3.7) |
School education | |||||||
≤9 years | % | 5,743 (73.5) | 975 (55.2) | 968 (19.0) | 3,228 (53.8) | 322 (17.5) | 2,238 (39.1) |
10–12 years | % | 1,671 (21.4) | 443 (25.1) | 3,137 (61.6) | 1,773 (29.5) | 1,156 (62.7) | 2,147 (37.5) |
≥13 years | % | 398 (5.1) | 348 (19.7) | 992 (19.5) | 1,005 (16.7) | 367 (19.9) | 1,343 (23.5) |
BMI | kg/m2 | 27.3 (4.2) | 28.2 (4.4) | 27.5 (4.6) | 25.9 (3.8) | 28.1 (4.2) | 26.8 (5.2) |
BMI category | |||||||
Underweight | % | 146 (1.8) | 29 (1.6) | 141 (2.8) | 239 (4.0) | 21 (1.1) | 361 (6.3) |
Optimal weight | % | 2,249 (28.2) | 389 (21.9) | 1,356 (26.9) | 2,360 (39.1) | 389 (21.2) | 1,835 (31.9) |
Overweight | % | 3,816 (47.9) | 832 (46.9) | 2,247 (44.6) | 2,603 (43.2) | 907 (49.3) | 2,251 (39.2) |
Obese | % | 1.763 (22.1) | 525 (29.6) | 1,296 (25.7) | 831 (13.8) | 522 (28.4) | 1,303 (22.7) |
Smoking | |||||||
Never | % | 3,974 (51.1) | 942 (54.6) | 2,390 (45.8) | 1,949 (32.3) | 969 (53.4) | 2,583 (44.7) |
Former | % | 2,479 (31.9) | 486 (28.2) | 1,922 (36.8) | 2,184 (36.2) | 568 (31.3) | 1,956 (33.9) |
Current | % | 1,319 (17.0) | 298 (17.3) | 905 (17.4) | 1,907 (31.6) | 279 (15.4) | 1,239 (21.4) |
Relative alcohol consumption | |||||||
Abstainer or low | % | 3,851 (53.2) | 848 (50.5) | 2,537 (50.1) | 2,394 (51.7) | 1,005 (54.6) | 3,410 (64.2) |
Moderate | % | 2,650 (36.6) | 655 (39.0) | 2,024 (39.9) | 1,745 (37.7) | 638 (34.6) | 1,325 (24.9) |
High | % | 741 (10.2) | 177 (10.5) | 508 (10.0) | 490 (10.6) | 199 (10.8) | 580 (10.9) |
Vigorous physical activity | % | 3,452 (43.4) | 905 (51.5) | 2,232 (42.4) | 2,043 (34.2) | 819 (44.5) | 2,204 (38.2) |
Total cholesterol | mmol/L | 5.7 (1.3) | 6.1 (1.2) | 6.0 (1.2) | 6.8 (1.3) | 6.3 (1.1) | 5.7 (1.1) |
HDL cholesterol | mmol/L | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.4) |
Subclinical inflammation | % | 2,786 (35.5) | 492 (28.8) | 1,827 (35.0) | 1,079 (20.8) | 520 (28.4) | 2,187 (38.9) |
Serum creatinine | nmol/L | 79.8 (28.1) | 87.1 (18.5) | N/A | 67.6 (16.0) | 76.5 (21.3) | 101.6 (29.4) |
Albuminuria | % | 760 (9.6) | 331 (21.0) | N/A | 675 (12.8) | N/A | 1,166 (22.0) |
Hemoglobin | g/dL | N/A | 13.6 (1.2) | 14.3 (1.4) | 14.1 (1.1) | 14.4 (1.2) | 13.9 (1.4) |
Biomarkers of iron deficiency | |||||||
Ferritin | μg/L | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 157 (168) |
Transferrin saturation | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 25.2 (10.6) |
Erythrocyte protoporphyrin | μmol/L | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.95 (0.56) |
Hypertension | |||||||
No hypertension | % | 3,270 (41.0) | 807 (45.5) | 2,526 (48.0) | 2,584 (42.8) | 849 (46.1) | 2,553 (44.2) |
Known hypertension or systolic blood pressure ≥140 to <160 mmHg | % | 3,915 (49.1) | 593 (33.4) | 2,313 (44.0) | 2,044 (33.8) | 778 (42.2) | 2,545 (44.1) |
Systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg | % | 796 (10.0) | 375 (21.1) | 423 (8.0) | 1,417 (23.4) | 216 (11.7) | 679 (11.8) |
History of MI or stroke | % | 511 (6.5) | 140 (7.9) | 398 (7.6) | 438 (7.3) | 97 (5.2) | 738 (12.8) |
Biomarkers of liver function | |||||||
GGT | U/L | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 31.6 (45.5) |
AST | U/L | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 21.9 (11.8) |
ALT | U/L | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 14.7 (10.6) |
HbA1c | % | 5.5 (0.4) | 5.4 (0.5) | 5.4 (0.3) | 5.4 (0.4) | 5.6 (0.3) | 5.5 (0.5) |
Very low (<5.0 % (<31 mmol/mol)) | % | 476 (6.0) | 336 (18.9) | 345 (6.6) | 626 (10.4) | 63 (3.4) | 678 (11.7) |
Low (5.0 to <5.5 % (31 to <37 mmol/mol)) | % | 2,747 (34.4) | 546 (30.7) | 2,344 (44.6) | 2,719 (45.0) | 603 (32.6) | 1,994 (34.5) |
Intermediate (5.5 to <6.0 % (37 to <42 mmol/mol)) | % | 3,726 (46.7) | 583 (32.8) | 2,201 (41.8) | 2,323 (38.4) | 937 (50.7) | 2,272 (39.3) |
Increased (6.0 to <6.5 % (42 to <48 mmol/mol)) | % | 1,033 (12.9) | 312 (17.6) | 372 (7.1) | 377 (6.2) | 247 (13.4) | 834 (14.4) |
Follow-up | |||||||
All-cause mortality | |||||||
Total sample size | 7,981 | 1,777 | 5,253 | 6,045 | 1,850 | 5,775 | |
Cases (%) | 1,069 (13.4) | 298 (16.8) | 645 (12.3) | 1,704 (28.2) | 180 (9.7) | 2,873 (49.8) | |
Mean FUP (SD) | Years | 11.1 (2.1) | 9.4 (2.1) | 7.0 (1.3) | 14.0 (3.8) | 8.5 (1.3) | 11.4 (4.9) |
Cardiovascular mortality | |||||||
Total sample size | 7,943 | 1,761 | 5,113 | 5,987 | 1,843 | 5,721 | |
Cases (%) | 263 (3.3) | 90 (5.1) | 174 (3.0) | 707 (11.8) | 69 (3.7) | 1,345 (23.5) | |
Mean FUP (SD) | Years | 11.1 (2.0) | 9.4 (2.1) | 7.0 (1.3) | 14.1 (3.8) | 8.6 (1.3) | 11.4 (4.9) |
Cardiovascular events | |||||||
Total sample size | 7,233 | 1,637 | 4,462 | 5,602 | 1,556 | N/A | |
Cases (%) | 595 (8.2) | 65 (4.0) | 315 (7.1) | 1,386 (24.7) | 132 (8.5) | N/A | |
Mean FUP (SD) | Years | 7.1 (2.3) | 9.5 (2.0) | 5.3 (1.4) | 12.6 (4.8) | 8.2 (1.7) | N/A |