Outcome/stratum
|
Very low HbA1c (<5.0 %) (<31 mmol/mol)
|
Low HbA1c (5.0 to <5.5 %) (31 to <37 mmol/mol)
|
Intermediate HbA1c (5.5 to <6.0 %) (37 to <42 mmol/mol)
|
Increased HbA1c (6.0 to <6.5 %) (42 to <48 mmol/mol)
|
---|
|
ntotal
|
ncases
|
IRa
|
HR (95 % CI)b
|
ntotal
|
ncases
|
IRa
|
HR
|
ntotal
|
ncases
|
IRa
|
HR (95 % CI)b
|
ntotal
|
ncases
|
IRa
|
HR (95 % CI)b
|
---|
All-cause mortality
|
50–64 years
|
1,688
|
205
|
10.0
|
0.95 (0.81; 1.12)
|
6,563
|
769
|
9.8
|
Ref
|
6,336
|
761
|
10.1
|
0.91 (0.82; 1.01)
|
1,514
|
272
|
15.8
|
1.18 (1.02; 1.37)
|
≥65 years
|
632
|
314
|
53.3
|
1.13 (1.01; 1.27)
|
3,779
|
1,556
|
42.6
|
Ref
|
4,767
|
1,978
|
43.3
|
1.06 (0.99; 1.13)
|
1,413
|
723
|
50.4
|
1.14 (1.04; 1.26)
|
Cardiovascular mortality
|
50–64 years
|
1,218
|
61
|
3.7
|
0.99 (0.74; 1.33)
|
4,824
|
210
|
3.2
|
Ref
|
4,915
|
220
|
3.4
|
0.93 (0.76; 1.13)
|
1,194
|
78
|
5.3
|
1.14 (0.87; 1.50)
|
≥65 years
|
548
|
155
|
28.4
|
1.33 (0.86; 2.04)c
|
2,574
|
589
|
20.9
|
Ref
|
3,343
|
753
|
21.2
|
1.07 (0.82; 1.39)c
d
|
1,035
|
249
|
24.2
|
1.18 (1.01; 1.38)
|
Cardiovascular events
|
50–64 years
|
1,276
|
77
|
5.1
|
0.76 (0.60; 0.97)
|
5,626
|
456
|
8.1
|
Ref
|
5,470
|
507
|
9.6
|
1.09 (0.96; 1.25)
|
1,165
|
114
|
10.6
|
1.18 (0.95; 1.47)
|
≥65 years
|
409
|
82
|
22.4
|
1.15 (0.90; 1.46)
|
2,491
|
488
|
22.8
|
Ref
|
3,207
|
598
|
23.0
|
0.99 (0.88; 1.12)
|
846
|
171
|
26.7
|
1.19 (0.98; 1.45)
|
- Bold indicates statistically significant difference (p <0.05). aIR, incidence rate per 1,000 person-years. The IR is the weighted mean of the IRs of the individual studies (weighted by sample size); badjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, education, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, CRP, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, albuminuria, hypertension and history of CVD; crandom effects model result reported due to statistical significant heterogeneity. CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HR, hazard ratio; IR, incidence rate; n, sample size