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Table 2 Comorbidity odds ratios for 10- and 15-year risk of death

From: Successful external validation of a model to predict other cause mortality in localized prostate cancer

Comorbidity

10 years

15 years

Hypertension

1.29

1.38

Angina

1.55

1.62

  + High total cholesterol

1.84

2.08

  + Low HDL

2.26

2.72

  + High total and low HDL

3.12

4.09

Congestive heart failure

3.82

3.67

Heart attack

1.55

1.62

  + High total cholesterol

1.84

2.08

  + Extremely low HDL

2.26

2.72

  + High total cholesterol and low HDL

3.12

4.09

Aortic stenosis

1.29

1.38

  + High total cholesterol

1.62

1.76

  + Extremely low HDL

2.00

2.27

  + High total cholesterol and low HDL

2.77

3.67

Atrial fibrillation

1.29

1.38

Asthma (mild)

1.17

1.17

Asthma (moderate)

2.00

2.27

Asthma (severe)

2.45

2.85

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

1.92

1.99

Peripheral vascular disease

1.62

1.76

  + High total cholesterol

2.00

2.27

  + Extremely low HDL

2.36

2.85

  + High total and extremely low HDL

3.25

4.60

Deep venous thrombosis

1.84

1.99

  + High total cholesterol

2.17

2.60

  + Extremely low HDL

2.56

3.30

  + High total and extremely low HDL

3.52

4.89

Pulmonary embolus

1.00

1.00

  + High total cholesterol

1.29

1.38

  + Extremely low HDL

1.62

1.76

  + High total and extremely low HDL

2.36

2.85

Current smoker

2.00

2.00

Former smoker

1.50

1.50

Diabetes

  

 0–5 years

1.00

1.00

 6–10 years

1.62

1.76

 11–20 years

2.00

2.27

 >20 years

2.36

2.85

Stroke

  

 Hemorrhage

1.62

1.76

 Infarction, thrombosis, embolism

2.36

2.85

  1. For example, a 65-year-old man would have a risk of death from other causes at 10 years of 18 % (Table 1), an odds of 18:82. If he smoked (odds ratio of 2.0), this would shift the odds to 36:82, a risk of 36 ÷ (36 + 82) = 31 % risk. Similar calculations could be made to calculate the man’s risk if he had angina (odds ratio of 1.55, risk 25 %) or both angina and smoking (odds ratio of 1.55 × 2.0, risk of 40 %)