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Table 3 Metabolomics studies

From: Diagnostic ‘omics’ for active tuberculosis

Study

Sample

Data access

Country

Classes

Number

Case definition

Independent test setc

Validation setd

Evaluation of accuracye

Signature size

Metabolite biomarkers identified

HIV status

Prior TB treatmenta

TB location

Microbiologically provenb

TST

IGRA

Zhou et al., 2015 [109]

Plasma

N

China

TB

?

  

P

Y

  

N

N

N

N/Af

Y

HC

?

    

OD

110

    

Lau et al., 2015 [80]

Plasma

Y

Hong Kong

TB

37

 

P

Y

  

N

N

Y

2

Y

HC

30

      

OD

30

      

Feng et al., 2015 [110]

Serum

N

China

TB

120

  

P

U

  

N

N

Y

4

Y

HC

105

      

OD

146

      

Mason et al., 2015 [111]

CSF

N

South Africa,

The Netherlands

EP-TB

17

 

EP, P

Y

  

N

N

N

N/Af

Y

OD

49

     

Das et al., 2015 [82]

Urine

N

India

TB

21

P

Y

  

N

N

Y

42

Y

OD

21

    

Frediani et al., 2014 [86]

Plasma

N

Georgia

TB

17

 

≤7d

P

Y

  

N

N

N

N/Af

Y

HC

17

      

Mahapatra et al., 2014 [89]

Urine

N

Uganda,

South Africa

TB

87

P

Y

  

N

N

Y

6

Y

Treated

59

1 m

    

Treated

20

2 m

    

Treated

54

6 m

    

Zhou et al., 2013 [112]

Serum

N

China

TB

38

  

P, EP

Y

  

N

N

N

N/Af

Y

HC

39

    

Che et al., 2013 [113]

Serum

N

China

TB

136

P, EP

U

  

Y

N

Y

1

Y

Treated

6

2 m

    

HC

130

     

Du Preez and Loots 2013 [87]

Sputum

N

South Africa

TB

34

  

P

Y

  

N

N

N

N/Af

Y

OD

61

      

Weiner et al., 2012 [81]

Serum

N

South Africa

TB

44

P

Y

  

N

N

Y

20

Y

LTBI

46

   

+

 

HC

46

   

 

Kolk et al., 2012 [85]

Breath

N

South Africa

TB

71

 

+

P

Y

  

Y

N

Y

7

Y

OD

100

      

Banday et al., 2011 [84]

Urine

N

India

TB

117

 

P

Y

  

Y

N

Y

5

Y

Treated

20

 

≤7 m

    

LTBI

19

    

+

 

HC

37

    

 

OD

12

      

Phillips et al., 2010 [114]

Breath

N

US, Philippines,

UK

TB g

226

 

P

U

  

N

N

Y

10

Y

Phillips et al., 2007 [83]

Breath

N

US

TB

23

  

P

Y

+/–

 

N

N

Y

130

Y

LTBI

19

    

+

 

OD

59

+/–

   

+/–

 
  1. CSF Cerebrospinal fluid, TB Active tuberculosis, LTBI Latent TB infection, HC Healthy controls, OD Other diseases, EP Extrapulmonary, P Pulmonary, Y Yes, N No
  2. anumber of days (d) or months (m) on treatment at time of sampling
  3. bU if unclear whether all TB cases were microbiologically confirmed, e.g. if diagnosis was based on Mtb culture or chest X-ray or TB symptoms, or if microbiologically proven and unproven TB cases were grouped together
  4. cnever involved in training the model (nested, k-fold or leave-one-out cross-validation (without test) are not considered to make use of an independent test set)
  5. dnew, independent set of samples, e.g. from different ethnic background or geographic location
  6. epredictive ability of the (O)PLS-DA model was not considered a valid accuracy evaluation
  7. fDifferentially expressed metabolites were identified but suitability as biomarkers was not assessed
  8. gDifferent diagnostic criteria were compared but class distribution was not clear