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Table 2 Clinical characteristics of prostate cancer cases and controls in the ProtecT study

From: Pubertal development and prostate cancer risk: Mendelian randomization study in a population-based cohort

 

Cases

Controls

n

P value

Total, n

1,136

1,791

2,927

 

Age, years

62.2 ± 5.1

61.6 ± 5.2

2,927

0.003

PSA, ng/mL

8.5 ± 15.4

1.1 ± 1.3

2,925

<0.001

Gleason grade, % (<7/≥7)

70.0/30.0

n/a

1,135

 

TNM stage, % (localized/advanced)

88.4/11.6

n/a

1,136

 

BPH, % (no/yes)a

92.7/7.3

89.0/11.0

1,363

0.02

BMI, kg/m2

27.0 ± 3.7

27.5 ± 4.1

1,973

0.01

Height, cm

176.4 ± 7.0

175.9 ± 6.9

2,078

0.2

Weight, kg

84.5 ± 13.0

85.9 ± 14.6

2,677

0.02

leg length, cm

76.7 ± 4.8

76.5 ± 4.6

2,055

0.3

Birthweight, g

3,437.2 ± 744.9

3,476.1 ± 663.4

939

0.4

Family history, % (no/yes)b

92.7/7.3

95.0/5.0

2,908

0.01

Diabetes, % (no/yes)c

92.8/7.2

91.1/8.9

1,895

0.2

IGF-I, ng/mL

156.1 ± 55.8

163.2 ± 57.0

1,756

0.01

IGF-II, ng/mL

862.1 ± 323.6

733.7 ± 265.3

1,720

<0.001

IGFBP-2, ng/mL

731.5 ± 426.0

726.2 ± 444.7

1,745

0.5d

IGFBP-3, ng/mL

4,673.6 ± 1,041.9

4,370.8 ± 1,055.7

1,711

<0.001

IGF-I:IGFBP-3 molar ratioe

0.12 ± 0.04

0.14 ± 0.06

1,711

<0.001d

  1. Continuous variables: mean ± SD
  2. Two-sided t-tests and χ2 tests were used to analyze continuous and categorical variables, respectively
  3. PSA Prostate-specific antigen, BMI Body mass index, BPH Benign prostatic hyperplasia, IGF Insulin-like growth factor, IGFBP Insulin-like growth factor binding protein
  4. an cases = 682, n controls = 681
  5. bn cases = 1,131, n controls = 1,777
  6. cn cases = 735, n controls = 1,160
  7. d P value obtained from analysis of natural log transformed variable
  8. eIGF-I:IGFBP-3 molar ratio = 0.13*[IGF-I]:0.036*[IGFBP-3]