Quantification of the smoking-associated cancer risk with rate advancement periods: meta-analysis of individual participant data from cohorts of the CHANCES consortium

Table 1 Socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics at baseline of the participants included for cohorts in the CHANCES consortium

	COSM	EPIC-Elderly				ESTHER	HAPIEE				MORGAM			NIH-AARP	RS	SENECA	SMC	TROMSØ	VIP
	COSM	DK	ES	GR	NL	ESTHER	CZ	LT	PO	RU	FI	NI	SE	NIH-AARP	RS	SENECA	SMC	TROMSØ	VIP
N total	45,906	15,355	5185	9863	6896	9949	8857	7161	10,728	9360	38,108	2745	5476	566,279	8121	2585	38,984	10,463	95,000
Follow-up (years)^a	13	13	13	10	13	11	8	4	7	6	17	16	11	12	12	8	13	13	14
Age (years)^a	59	63	62	67	64	63	59	62	57	58	46	54	53	63	69	74	61	62	50
Sex, %
Male	100	46	43	40	5	45	47	45	49	46	48	100	49	60	39	50	0	47	50
Female	0	54	57	60	95	55	53	55	51	54	52	0	51	40	61	50	100	53	50
BMI (kg/m²)^a	25	26	29	29	26	27	28	29	28	28	26	26	27	26	26	27	24	26	25
Education, %
Primary	70	41	87	91	34	75	13	7	12	10	46	1	31	1	25	67	74	56	23
Secondary	14	43	7	6	55	20	74	37	60	61	44	88	49	26	62	25	7	28	51
University	16	16	6	3	11	5	14	56	29	29	9	11	20	73	8	8	18	16	26
Alcohol (g/day)^a	10	12	1	1	2	4	6	0	0	0	2	9	2	2	3	3	3	2	3
Vigorous physical activity, %
Yes	34	72	5	21	58	42	73	61	73	40	n.a.	12	n.a.	46	85	13	30	32	34
No	66	28	95	79	42	58	27	39	27	60	n.a.	88	n.a.	54	15	87	70	68	66
History of diabetes, %
Yes	7	3	11	14	5	16	12	8	12	5	5	2	5	9	7	9	5	4	2
No	93	97	89	86	95	84	88	92	88	95	95	98	95	91	93	91	95	96	98
Smoking status, %
Never	36	31	67	70	47	50	44	63	40	58	46	38	48	36	36	54	54	33	55
Former	39	36	16	19	35	33	30	18	28	14	29	33	32	51	41	28	23	36	25
Current	25	33	17	12	18	17	26	19	32	28	25	29	20	12	23	18	23	31	20
Time since smoking cessation, %
≤9 years	22	28	41	36	26	23	30	34	41	38	n.a.	36	38	26	n.a.	39	28	31	37
10–19 years	29	22	30	31	29	28	29	23	29	26	n.a.	35	26	74		30	28	24	32
≥20 years	49	41	27	30	43	48	36	43	24	33		29	34	74		28	44	45	24

^aThe values shown are the mean for follow-up years and the median for age, BMI, and alcohol consumption
Abbreviations (alphabetically ordered): BMI body mass index, COSM Cohort of Swedish Men, CZ Czech Republic, DK Denmark, EPIC European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, ES Spain, ESTHER Epidemiologische Studie zu Chancen der Verhütung, Früherkennung und optimierten Therapie chronischer Erkrankungen in der älteren Bevölkerung (German), GR Greece. HAPIEE Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe, LT Lithuania, MORGAM Monica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph, which included the cohorts MORGAM FI FINRISK Study (Finland), MORGAM NI PRIME Belfast Study (Northern Ireland), and MORGAM SE Northern Sweden Study (Norrbotten county only), NIH-AARP National Institute of Health – American Association of Retired Persons, NL the Netherlands, PO Poland, RS Rotterdam Study, RU Russia, SENECA Survey in Europe on Nutrition and the Elderly a Concerned Action, SMC Swedish Mammography Cohort, VIP Västerbotten Intervention Programme

ISSN: 1741-7015