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Fig. 1 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Human newborn bacille Calmette–Guérin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study

Fig. 1

Cohort of infants vaccinated with BCG at birth. At 10 weeks of age, blood was collected from HIV-negative, HIV-unexposed infants with no active or chronic illnesses (including suspected TB), and with no household exposure to an adult who was coughing, or who had TB disease. Infants were then followed for 2 years. Community-wide surveillance systems identified all children exposed to adults with TB, or children with suspected TB disease. Among these children, “definite” TB cases were defined by presence of clinical signs and symptoms of lung disease plus a sputum (induced, or early morning gastric aspirate) culture positive for M. tuberculosis, while “probable” TB cases were defined by absence of a positive culture in the presence of strong epidemiological, clinical and chest roentgenographic evidence of TB disease. Two groups of controls were identified: “household” controls were exposed to an adult in the household with TB but were found not to have TB, whereas “community” controls were infants who were either investigated for TB and found not to have disease, or infants chosen at random from the rest of the cohort. For functional assays, up to 29 definite cases and 110 controls (household controls, n = 55, and community controls, n = 55) were included in different analyses. Primary analysis of transcriptional profiling was restricted to those cases and controls included in functional assay analysis for whom PBMC were available

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