Table 4 Factors associated with the development of gametocytaemia after enrolment in individuals without microscopically detected gametocytes before treatment with artemisinin combination therapy

Univariable model

ACT^a

 AS-MQ

3082

20

0.6

0.763 (0.392–1.484)

0.425

 DP

3855

93

2.4

2.746 (1.773–4.253)

<0.001

 AS-AQ: FDC

2919

151

5.2

4.094 (2.540–6.600)

<0.001

 AL

8532

97

1.1

Reference

Age^a

  < 1 year

776

23

3.0

2.435 (1.268–4.676)

0.008

 1–4 years

7772

236

3.0

2.780 (1.698–4.552)

<0.001

 5–11 years

4102

58

1.4

1.928 (1.225–3.035)

0.005

 12+ years

5735

44

0.8

Reference

Age (years)

18385

361

2.0

0.965 (0.946–0.984)

<0.001

Derived haemoglobin (g/dL)

14357

295

2.1

0.809 (0.758–0.862)

<0.001

Anaemia

 Yes

5505

183

3.3

1.824 (1.402–2.373)

<0.001

 No

8852

112

1.3

Reference

Fever

 Yes

10569

173

1.6

0.594 (0.470–0.749)

<0.001

 No

7244

173

2.4

Reference

Sex

 Female

8427

160

1.9

0.931 (0.754–1.149)

0.505

 Male

9658

196

2.0

Reference

Hyperparasitaemia

 Yes

1543

19

1.2

0.615 (0.384–0.984)

0.043

 No

16845

342

2.0

Reference

Log₁₀ parasitaemia (/μL)

18388

361

2.0

0.731 (0.619–0.864)

<0.001

Weight-for-age score

Underweight^b

8341

257

3.1

0.825 (0.744–0.915)

<0.001

 Yes

1418

80

5.6

1.768 (1.343–2.326)

<0.001

 No

6923

177

2.6

Reference

Region

 Asia

3895

55

1.4

1.078 (0.356–3.263)

0.894

 South America

615

8

1.3

0.482 (0.035–6.564)

0.584

 Africa

13878

298

2.1

Reference

TIA^a

 Low

8406

64

0.8

0.371 (0.159–0.866)

0.022

 Moderate

5120

129

2.5

0.746 (0.426–1.306)

0.305

 High

4449

161

3.6

Reference

Multivariable model

14051

291

2.1

ACT:

 AS-MQ

0.566 ( 0.225–1.420)

0.225

 DP

2.029 (1.240–3.317)

0.005

 AS-AQ: FDC

4.014 (2.398–6.719)

<0.001

 AL

Reference

Age

  < 1 year

1.707 ( 0.778–3.747)

0.269

 1–4 years

2.303 (1.208–4.392)

0.011

 5–11 years

1.418 (0.795–2.527)

0.237

 12+ years

Reference

Derived haemoglobin (g/dL)

0.828 (0.774–0.886)

<0.001

Fever

0.653 (0.503–0.848)

0.001

Log₁₀ parasitaemia (/μL)

0.757 (0.624–0.917)

0.004