Table 1 Participant characteristics according to diagnosis of delirium

Age, years

84.8 ± 6.7

81.1 ± 7.6

< .001

Female gender, n (%)

249 (58.0)

833 (57.9)

1.000

Education, years

6.2 ± 3.6

6.8 ± 3.8

.006

ADL before admission, median score (IQR)

1 (0–4)

5 (2–6)

< .001

 0 functions spared

186 (43.4)

155 (10.8)

 1 function spared

66 (15.4)

174 (12.1)

< .001

 2 to 5 functions spared

118 (27.5)

471 (33.8)

 6 functions spared

59 (13.8)

638 (44.4)

Nutritional status, n (%)

 Well nourished

156 (36.4)

949 (66.0)

< .001

 At risk of malnutrition

215 (50.1)

414 (28.8)

 Malnourished

58 (13.5)

75 (5.2)

Charlson index (excluding dementia), median score (IQR)

2 (1–4)

2 (1–4)

.87

 Dementia, n (%)

227 (52.9)

222 (15.4)

< .001

No. of drugs, on admission, median score (IQR)

5 (4–-7)

5 (3–7)

.56

 Diuretics, n (%)

202 (47.1)

727 (50.6)

.22

 Antihypertensive drugs, n (%)

241 (56.2)

939 (65.3)

.001

 Antiplatelet drugs, n (%)

174 (49.6)

612 (42.6)

.47

 Antiarrhythmic drugs, n (%)

39 (9.1)

173 (12.0)

.10

 Statins/lipid lowering drugs, n (%)

45 (10.5)

297 (20.7)

< .001

 Antidiabetics (including insulin), n (%)

72 (16.8)

284 (19.7)

.18

 Antiulcer drugs, n (%)

270 (62.9)

980 (68.2)

.04

 Antibiotics, n (%)

186 (43.4)

433 (30.1)

< .001

 Benzodiazepines, n (%)

93 (21.7)

360 (25.0)

.16

 Antipsychotics, n (%)

107 (28.3)

119 (9.1)

< .001

 Antidepressants, n (%)

112 (26.1)

278 (19.3)

.003

 Antiepileptics, n (%)

32 (7.5)

93 (6.5)

.51

 AChE-I/memantine, n (%)

15 (3.5)

24 (1.7)

.03

Feeding tubes (NT or PEG), n (%)

20 (4.7)

20 (1.4)

< .001

Venous catheter, n (%)

244 (56.9)

694 (42.0)

< .001

Urinary catheter, n (%)

199 (46.4)

340 (23.6)

< .001

Physical restraints, n (%)

268 (62.5)

427 (29.7)

< .001