Improving comfort in people with dementia and pneumonia: a cluster randomized trial

Table 3 Intervention effect on levels of discomfort, (lack of) comfort, pain, and respiratory distress

Level of suffering	Unadjusted analyses			Adjusted analyses^a
Level of suffering	Coefficient (95 % CI)		ICC	Coefficient (95 % CI)		ICC*
Discomfort (DS-DAT)	=	1.05 (0.88–1.25)	0.12	=	1.11 (0.93–1.31)	0.13
Lack of comfort (reverse EOLD-CAD)	=	1.01 (0.98–1.04)	0.10	=	1.01 (0.98–1.05)	0.14
Pain (PAINAD)	=	1.01 (0.90–1.12)	0.07	=	1.04 (0.93–1.15)	0.11
Respiratory distress (RDOS)	=	1.06 (0.94–1.19)	0.17	=	1.11 (0.99–1.24)	0.21

Discomfort (DS-DAT Discomfort Scale-Dementia of Alzheimer Type; range 0–27), (lack of) comfort (EOLD-CAD, End Of Life in Dementia-Comfort Assessment in Dying; range 14–42), pain (PAINAD, Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia; range 0–10), respiratory distress (RDOS, Respiratory Distress Observation Scale; range 0–16)
Results from models without interaction terms of group and intervention phase with the level of observed sleepiness or death within 20 days
Analyses were performed on log-transformed data after which coefficients and confidence intervals were back-transformed. Therefore, coefficients should be interpreted as a ratio, so that a coefficient of 1 means no difference
ICC, intracluster correlation; *ICC for adjusted analyses determined with non-imputed data for covariates
CI, confidence interval
= No significance
^aAdjusted for age, sex, season, severity of dementia (BANS-S score), type of dementia (Alzheimer’s or other), death within 20 days, and baseline differences (Table 2 resident characteristics, and Additional file 1 Table S1 symptoms fo pneumonia). Adjusted analyses are performed on multiply imputed data for covariates

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