Table 1 Applications of regenerative medicine therapies in different medical specialties

Neurology

Parkinson’s

Fetal porcine cells

Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons

I, II

34

Fink 2001; Freed 2001

Paraplegia, Spinal cord injuries

MSCs transplanted directly into injured spinal cord.

Bone marrow nucleated cells injected intrathecally and intravenously coupled with MSC infusion by lumbar puncture

I, II

80

Park 2012; Jarocha 2015

Multiple Sclerosis

IV infusion of MSCs

Haemopoietic stem cell transplants

I, II

30

Connick 2012

Cardiology

Ischaemic cardiomyopathy, heart failure

Transendocardial injection of MSC derived from BM or adipose tissue

Intracoronary injection of cardiac stem cells IV infusion of MSC

I, II

104

Heldman 2014; Hare 2014; Chugh 2012; Perin 2014

Respiratory

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

IV infusion of placental- Chambers derived MSC

I

8

Chambers 2014

Chronic lung disease

IV infusion of HLA-matched allogeneic MSCs derived from BM/umbilical cord

I,II

62

Weiss 2013

Rheumatology

Osteoarthritis

Intra-articular injection of autologous or allogeneic MSC

I, II, III

104

Orozco 2013; Jo 2014

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Allogeneic bone marrow derived MSC

Haemopoietic stem cell transplant plus MSC infusion

I

8

Horwitz 2002; Horwitz 2002

Orthopaedics

Fracture healing;

Joint resurfacing;

Osteoporosis

MSC combined with/without calcium sulphate

Allogenic bone graft containing stem cells

G-CSF-mobilised Haemopoietic stem cells with collagen scaffold for non-union fracture healing

I,II

96

Kuoroda 2014; Jones 2015; Bajada 2007

Haematology

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT); Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD)

Prochymal (MSC) for severe refractory acute GvHD

MSC infused with or following hematopoietic stem cell transplant

I, II, III

240

Prasad 2011; Ringden 2006; Perez-Simon 2011

Opthalmology

Macular degeneration

ESC-derived retinal pigment epithelium

I

2

Schwartz 2012

Gastroenterology

Liver cirrhosis; Decompensated liver disease

MSC injected into peripheral or portal vein

Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells infused IV for liver cirrhosis

UC-MSC IV in fusion in decompensated liver disease

I,II

45

Kharaziha 2009; terai 2006; Zhang 2012

Crohn’s disease

Autologous hematopoietic)stem cell transplantation for refractory Crohn’s

I, II, III

98

Oyama 2005

Endocrinology

Diabetes (type I & 2)

Stem cell educator therapy with cord blood derived stem cells for insulin resistant type II diabetes

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for new onset type I diabetes

I, II

65

Zhao 2013, D’Addio 2014

Nephrology/Urology

Kidney transplant rejection

MSC based therapy to prevent rejection in living-related kidney transplants

I, II

159

Tan 2012