| |
Alcohol consumption
|
|---|
|
Light-to-moderate (≤ 2 drinks/day)
|
High-to-heavy (> 2 drinks/day)
|
|---|
|
No.a
|
RR (95 % CI)
|
I
2b
|
No.a
|
RR (95 % CI)
|
I
2b
|
|---|
|
Ischemic stroke
|
|
All studies
|
24
|
0.91 (0.88–0.94)
|
9.1 %
|
23
|
1.09 (1.03–1.16)
|
0 %
|
|
Geographic area
|
|
United States
|
9
|
0.90 (0.85–0.94)
|
7.7 %
|
8
|
1.12 (1.01–1.24)
|
0 %
|
|
Europe
|
9
|
0.93 (0.88–0.98)
|
11.1 %
|
8
|
1.14 (1.04–1.25)
|
0 %
|
|
Asia
|
5
|
0.87 (0.78–0.98)
|
10.6 %
|
6
|
1.07 (0.93–1.23)
|
30.6 %
|
|
Sex
|
|
Men
|
12
|
0.94 (0.88–1.00)
|
18.4 %
|
10
|
1.11 (1.00–1.23)
|
15.2 %
|
|
Women
|
7
|
0.88 (0.83–0.95)
|
0 %
|
6
|
1.15 (0.96–1.36)
|
0 %
|
|
Womenc
|
7
|
0.88 (0.79–0.98)
|
32.2 %
|
7
|
0.96 (0.85–1.08)
|
7.9 %
|
|
Study quality
|
|
NOS ≥ 7
|
18
|
0.90 (0.86–0.93)
|
0 %
|
17
|
1.09 (1.02–1.16)
|
0 %
|
|
NOS < 7
|
5
|
0.87 (0.81–0.94)
|
13.6 %
|
4
|
1.10 (0.97–1.25)
|
9.3 %
|
|
Intracerebral hemorrhage
|
|
All studies
|
11
|
0.95 (0.84–1.07)
|
10.2 %
|
9
|
1.45 (1.18–1.78)
|
55.0 %
|
|
Geographic area
|
|
United States
|
3
|
0.94 (0.75–1.17)
|
33.4 %
|
2
|
1.38 (0.86–2.21)
|
33.6 %
|
|
Europe
|
4
|
0.92 (0.77–1.10)
|
0 %
|
3
|
1.39 (0.98–1.96)
|
40.2 %
|
|
Asia
|
4
|
1.09 (0.79–1.49)
|
34.1 %
|
4
|
1.56 (1.13–2.17)
|
69.7 %
|
|
Sex
|
|
Men
|
5
|
0.98 (0.78–1.24)
|
26.4 %
|
5
|
1.35 (1.06–1.72)
|
59.4 %
|
|
Women
|
3
|
0.95 (0.76–1.19)
|
0 %
|
2
|
2.23 (1.47–3.38)
|
0 %
|
|
Womenc
|
3
|
0.81 (0.55–1.19)
|
37.6 %
|
3
|
1.54 (1.08–2.18)
|
29.6 %
|
|
Study quality
|
|
NOS ≥ 7
|
7
|
0.99 (0.84–1.18)
|
7.5 %
|
6
|
1.68 (1.32–2.14)
|
25.4 %
|
|
NOS < 7
|
4
|
0.90 (0.76–1.07)
|
17.0 %
|
3
|
1.20 (0.92–1.56)
|
51.9 %
|
|
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
|
All studies
|
10
|
1.16 (0.98–1.37)
|
0 %
|
9
|
1.57 (1.18–2.09)
|
39.0 %
|
|
Geographic area
|
|
United States
|
3
|
1.46 (1.02–2.10)
|
21.4 %
|
2
|
2.04 (1.12–3.73)
|
24.4 %
|
|
Europe
|
4
|
1.03 (0.81–1.30)
|
0 %
|
3
|
1.17 (0.58–2.37)
|
58.9 %
|
|
Asia
|
3
|
1.26 (0.81–1.97)
|
19.8 %
|
4
|
1.57 (1.10–2.24)
|
31.3 %
|
|
Sex
|
|
Men
|
5
|
1.06 (0.69–1.60)
|
29.9 %
|
5
|
1.48 (0.96–2.28)
|
51.0 %
|
|
Women
|
3
|
1.38 (1.04–1.85)
|
0 %
|
2
|
1.90 (1.16–3.13)
|
0 %
|
|
Womenc
|
3
|
1.56 (1.01–2.38)
|
19.5 %
|
3
|
1.54 (1.08–2.20)
|
0 %
|
|
Study quality
|
|
NOS ≥ 7
|
7
|
1.25 (0.97–1.62)
|
13.4 %
|
3
|
1.44 (1.01–2.06)
|
16.5 %
|
|
NOS < 7
|
4
|
1.10 (0.87–1.39)
|
0 %
|
6
|
1.57 (1.03–2.40)
|
50.0 %
|
- CI confidence interval, NOS Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, RR relative risk
- aNumber of studies that contributed data to each category of alcohol consumption and strata
- bTest for between-study heterogeneity. I2 values < 30 %, 30–75 %, and > 75 % were interpreted as no or low heterogeneity, moderate heterogeneity, and notable heterogeneity, respectively
- cSensitivity analysis in which light-to-moderate alcohol consumption for women was defined as ≤ 1 drink/day and high-to-heavy consumption was defined as > 1 drink/day
