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Table 2 Relative risks of stroke types for light-to-moderate and high-to-heavy alcohol consumption, overall and stratified by geographic area, sex, and study quality
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Light-to-moderate (≤ 2 drinks/day) | High-to-heavy (> 2 drinks/day) | |||||
| No.a | RR (95 % CI) | I 2b | No.a | RR (95 % CI) | I 2b | |
| Ischemic stroke | ||||||
| All studies | 24 | 0.91 (0.88–0.94) | 9.1 % | 23 | 1.09 (1.03–1.16) | 0 % |
| Geographic area | ||||||
| United States | 9 | 0.90 (0.85–0.94) | 7.7 % | 8 | 1.12 (1.01–1.24) | 0 % |
| Europe | 9 | 0.93 (0.88–0.98) | 11.1 % | 8 | 1.14 (1.04–1.25) | 0 % |
| Asia | 5 | 0.87 (0.78–0.98) | 10.6 % | 6 | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | 30.6 % |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 12 | 0.94 (0.88–1.00) | 18.4 % | 10 | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) | 15.2 % |
| Women | 7 | 0.88 (0.83–0.95) | 0 % | 6 | 1.15 (0.96–1.36) | 0 % |
| Womenc | 7 | 0.88 (0.79–0.98) | 32.2 % | 7 | 0.96 (0.85–1.08) | 7.9 % |
| Study quality | ||||||
| NOS ≥ 7 | 18 | 0.90 (0.86–0.93) | 0 % | 17 | 1.09 (1.02–1.16) | 0 % |
| NOS < 7 | 5 | 0.87 (0.81–0.94) | 13.6 % | 4 | 1.10 (0.97–1.25) | 9.3 % |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | ||||||
| All studies | 11 | 0.95 (0.84–1.07) | 10.2 % | 9 | 1.45 (1.18–1.78) | 55.0 % |
| Geographic area | ||||||
| United States | 3 | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) | 33.4 % | 2 | 1.38 (0.86–2.21) | 33.6 % |
| Europe | 4 | 0.92 (0.77–1.10) | 0 % | 3 | 1.39 (0.98–1.96) | 40.2 % |
| Asia | 4 | 1.09 (0.79–1.49) | 34.1 % | 4 | 1.56 (1.13–2.17) | 69.7 % |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 5 | 0.98 (0.78–1.24) | 26.4 % | 5 | 1.35 (1.06–1.72) | 59.4 % |
| Women | 3 | 0.95 (0.76–1.19) | 0 % | 2 | 2.23 (1.47–3.38) | 0 % |
| Womenc | 3 | 0.81 (0.55–1.19) | 37.6 % | 3 | 1.54 (1.08–2.18) | 29.6 % |
| Study quality | ||||||
| NOS ≥ 7 | 7 | 0.99 (0.84–1.18) | 7.5 % | 6 | 1.68 (1.32–2.14) | 25.4 % |
| NOS < 7 | 4 | 0.90 (0.76–1.07) | 17.0 % | 3 | 1.20 (0.92–1.56) | 51.9 % |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | ||||||
| All studies | 10 | 1.16 (0.98–1.37) | 0 % | 9 | 1.57 (1.18–2.09) | 39.0 % |
| Geographic area | ||||||
| United States | 3 | 1.46 (1.02–2.10) | 21.4 % | 2 | 2.04 (1.12–3.73) | 24.4 % |
| Europe | 4 | 1.03 (0.81–1.30) | 0 % | 3 | 1.17 (0.58–2.37) | 58.9 % |
| Asia | 3 | 1.26 (0.81–1.97) | 19.8 % | 4 | 1.57 (1.10–2.24) | 31.3 % |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 5 | 1.06 (0.69–1.60) | 29.9 % | 5 | 1.48 (0.96–2.28) | 51.0 % |
| Women | 3 | 1.38 (1.04–1.85) | 0 % | 2 | 1.90 (1.16–3.13) | 0 % |
| Womenc | 3 | 1.56 (1.01–2.38) | 19.5 % | 3 | 1.54 (1.08–2.20) | 0 % |
| Study quality | ||||||
| NOS ≥ 7 | 7 | 1.25 (0.97–1.62) | 13.4 % | 3 | 1.44 (1.01–2.06) | 16.5 % |
| NOS < 7 | 4 | 1.10 (0.87–1.39) | 0 % | 6 | 1.57 (1.03–2.40) | 50.0 % |
