Table 1 Description of characteristics of eligible population
From: Prevalence, aetiology, treatment and outcomes of shock in children admitted to Kenyan hospitals
Overall characteristics | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | n (%) | ||
Female sex, n (%)a | 18,753 (43.7) | ||
Anthropometric measures | Mean (± SD) | ||
Age in months | 15.0 (11.7) | ||
Weight, kg | 8.7 (2.8) | ||
Weight–height Z score | –1.3 (1.2) | ||
MUACb, cm | 13.5 (1.6) | ||
Height/length, cm | 74.3 (11.4) | ||
Illness features | Mean (± SD) | ||
Length of illness, days | 4.3 (4.7) | ||
Oxygen saturation | 94.9 (6.2) | ||
Heart rate/minute | 124.2 (27.9) | ||
Respiratory rate/minute | 41.8 (13.4) | ||
Axillary temperature (°C) | 37.7 (1.2) | ||
Airway and breathing | Characteristic present, n (%) | Characteristics absent, n (%) | Missing, n (%) |
Stridor | 783 (1.8) | 34,300 (79.9) | 7854 (18.3) |
Grunting | 4165 (9.7) | 32,192 (75.0) | 6580 (15.3) |
Crackles | 8425 (19.6) | 29,004 (67.6) | 5508 (12.8) |
Indrawing | 11,383 (26.5) | 25,697 (59.8) | 5857 (13.6) |
Tachypnoeac | 13,236 (30.8) | 18,240 (42.5) | 11,461 (26.7) |
Acidotic breathing | 1019 (2.4) | 34,935 (81.4) | 6983 (16.3) |
Central cyanosis | 253 (0.6) | 38,266 (89.1) | 4418 (10.3) |
Circulation | |||
Tachycardiad | 10,278 (23.9) | 14,643 (34.1) | 18,016 (42.0) |
Sunken eyes | 4749 (11.1) | 29,158 (67.9) | 9030 (21.0) |
Delayed skin pinch | 6702 (15.6) | 28,077 (65.4) | 8158 (19.0) |
Capillary refill > 2 seconds | 1620 (3.8) | 27,352 (63.7) | 13,965 (32.5) |
Capillary refill > 3 seconds | 312 (0.7) | 28,660 (66.7) | 13,965 (32.5) |
Temperature gradiente | 1432 (3.3) | 27,313 (63.6) | 14,192 (33.1) |
Weak pulse volume | 1766 (4.1) | 32,951 (76.7) | 8220 (19.1) |
Pallor | 5962 (13.9) | 32,403 (75.5) | 4572 (10.6) |
Disability | |||
Convulsions | 9228 (21.5) | 28,613 (66.6) | 5096 (11.9) |
Can drink/breastfeed? | 29,586 (68.9) | 5757 (13.4) | 7594 (17.7) |
Stiff neck | 871 (2.0) | 36,645 (85.3) | 5421 (12.6) |
Bulging fontanelle | 453 (1.1) | 34,861 (81.2) | 7623 (17.8) |
Impaired consciousnessf | 2464 (5.7) | 35,485 (82.6) | 4988 (11.6) |
Diagnoses | |||
Anaemia | 3774 (8.8) | 39,163 (91.2) | Nil |
Asthma | 1262 (2.9) | 41,675 (97.1) | Nil |
Dehydration | 7021 (16.4) | 35,916 (83.6) | Nil |
HIV | 401 (0.9) | 355 (0.8) | 42,181 (98.2) |
Malaria | 17,254 (40.2) | 25,683 (59.8) | Nil |
Meningitis | 5393 (12.6) | 37,544 (87.4) | Nil |
Pneumonia | 20,038 (46.7) | 22,899 (53.3) | Nil |
Ricketts | 962 (2.2) | 41,975 (97.8) | Nil |
Tuberculosis | 545 (1.3) | 42,392 (98.7) | Nil |
Outcome | |||
Death | 2115 (4.9 %) | n/a | Nil |