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Table 3 Cox-regression models for cardiovascular mortality according to the different formulas and cohorts

From: Renal function estimation and Cockcroft–Gault formulas for predicting cardiovascular mortality in population-based, cardiovascular risk, heart failure and post-myocardial infarction cohorts: The Heart ‘OMics’ in AGEing (HOMAGE) and the high-risk myocardial infarction database initiatives

Variables

Univariable: HR (95% CI)

P value

Adjusted: HR (95% CI)

P value

Population-based

 MDRD4

  Categorical

 

0.001

 

0.046

  Stage 1: ≥ 90

Reference

 

Reference

 

  Stage 2: 60–89

0.818 (0.382–1.751)

0.605

0.799 (0.370–1.726)

0.568

  Stage 3a: 45–59

1.908 (0.790–4.609)

0.151

1.423 (0.563–3.597)

0.456

  Stage 3b/4/5: < 45

4.624 (1.644–13.008)

0.004

3.004 (0.976–9.247)

0.055

 CKD-EPI

  Categorical

 

<0.001

 

0.019

  Stage 1: ≥ 90

Reference

 

Reference

 

  Stage 2: 60–89

2.471 (0.752–8.117)

0.136

2.007 (0.607–6.640)

0.254

  Stage 3a: 45–59

4.968 (1.400–17.635)

0.013

3.122 (0.851–11.456)

0.086

  Stage 3b/4/5: < 45

11.207 (2.967–42.335)

<0.001

6.426 (1.610–25.652)

0.008

 CG-BSA

  Categorical

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

  Stage 1: ≥ 90

Reference

 

Reference

 

  Stage 2: 60–89

1.367 (0.459–4.070)

0.574

1.078 (0.360–3.230)

0.894

  Stage 3a: 45–59

3.658 (1.226–10.915)

0.020

2.393 (0.787–7.275)

0.124

  Stage 3b/4/5: < 45

9.562 (3.131–29.199)

<0.001

5.347 (1.665–17.170)

0.005

Cardiovascular risk

 MDRD4

  Categorical

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

  Stage 1: ≥ 90

Reference

 

Reference

 

  Stage 2: 60–89

1.008 (0.682–1.489)

0.969

1.096 (0.740–1.624)

0.647

  Stage 3a: 45–59

1.682 (1.130–2.504)

0.010

1.924 (1.285–2.881)

0.001

  Stage 3b/4/5: < 45

4.308 (2.844–6.526)

<0.001

5.138 (3.361–7.857)

<0.001

 CKD-EPI

  Categorical

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

  Stage 1: ≥ 90

Reference

 

Reference

 

  Stage 2: 60–89

1.292 (0.823–2.029)

0.266

1.391 (0.884–2.190)

0.154

  Stage 3a: 45–59

2.263 (1.436–3.566)

<0.001

2.543 (1.605–4.029)

<0.001

  Stage 3b/4/5: < 45

5.397 (3.393–8.583)

<0.001

6.292 (3.923–10.091)

<0.001

 CG-BSA

  Categorical

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

  Stage 1: ≥ 90

Reference

 

Reference

 

  Stage 2: 60–89

1.347 (0.911–1.990)

0.135

1.504 (1.009–2.241)

0.045

  Stage 3a: 45–59

2.927 (1.986–4.315)

<0.001

3.416 (2.290–5.094)

<0.001

  Stage 3b/4/5: < 45

6.277 (4.227–9.322)

<0.001

7.520 (4.981–11.353)

<0.001

Heart failure

 MDRD4

  Categorical

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

  Stage 1: ≥ 90

Reference

 

Reference

 

  Stage 2: 60–89

1.076 (0.643–1.800)

0.781

1.016 (0.605–1.706)

0.952

  Stage 3a: 45–59

1.791 (1.066–3.007)

0.028

1.517 (0.896–2.569)

0.121

  Stage 3b/4/5: < 45

3.298 (2.007–5.420)

<0.001

2.824 (1.704–4.680)

<0.001

 CKD-EPI

  Categorical

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

  Stage 1: ≥ 90

Reference

 

Reference

 

  Stage 2: 60–89

2.194 (1.008–4.774)

0.048

2.248 (1.030–4.906)

0.042

  Stage 3a: 45–59

2.997 (1.372–6.549)

0.006

2.871 (1.306–6.310)

0.009

  Stage 3b/4/5: < 45

6.557 (3.070–14.006)

<0.001

5.784 (2.692–12.430)

<0.001

 CG-BSA

  Categorical

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

  Stage 1: ≥ 90

Reference

 

Reference

 

  Stage 2: 60–89

3.243 (1.164–9.031)

0.024

3.457 (1.240–9.642)

0.018

  Stage 3a: 45–59

5.266 (1.915–14.485)

0.001

5.078 (1.838–14.024)

0.002

  Stage 3b/4/5: < 45

12.388 (4.595–33.398)

<0.001

11.006 (4.066–29.793)

<0.001

Post-myocardial infarction

 MDRD4

  Categorical

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

  Stage 1: ≥ 90

Reference

 

Reference

 

  Stage 2: 60–89

1.243 (1.115–1.385)

<0.001

1.296 (1.162–1.446)

<0.001

  Stage 3a: 45–59

2.253 (2.014–2.521)

<0.001

2.251 (2.009–2.523)

<0.001

  Stage 3b: 30–45

3.692 (3.276–4.162)

<0.001

3.509 (3.104–3.967)

<0.001

  Stage 4/5: < 30

5.509 (4.591–6.610)

<0.001

5.076 (4.208–6.123)

<0.001

 CKD-EPI

  Categorical

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

  Stage 1: ≥ 90

Reference

 

Reference

 

  Stage 2: 60–89

1.363 (1.214–1.531)

<0.001

1.427 (1.269–1.603)

<0.001

  Stage 3a: 45–59

2.430 (2.158–2.736)

<0.001

2.442 (2.165–2.754)

<0.001

  Stage 3b: 30–45

3.976 (3.516–4.497)

<0.001

3.852 (3.396–4.368)

<0.001

  Stage 4/5: < 30

6.098 (5.193–7.160)

<0.001

5.765 (4.887–6.800)

<0.001

 CG-BSA

  Categorical

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

  Stage 1: ≥ 90

Reference

 

Reference

 

  Stage 2: 60–89

1.302 (1.154–1.470)

<0.001

1.369 (1.213–1.546)

<0.001

  Stage 3a: 45–59

2.447 (2.169–2.761)

<0.001

2.523 (2,234–2.849)

<0.001

  Stage 3b: 30–45

4.230 (3.744–4.780)

<0.001

4.239 (3.745–4.799)

<0.001

  Stage 4/5: < 30

6.536 (5.578–7.659)

<0.001

6.639 (5.649–7.802)

<0.001

  1. Adjusted model for sex, smoking status, history of hypertension, diagnosis of diabetes, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure (not adjusted for hemoglobin or left ventricular ejection fraction due to > 75% of missing values in all datasets)
  2. CG-BSA Cockcroft–Gault formula adjusted for body surface area, MDRD4 Modification of Diet in Renal Disease-4 formula, CKD-EPI Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation