Fig. 2

Density plot of p-values for trials with results for the first primary outcome posted at ClinicalTrials.gov. Left: 1400 trials with treatment effect estimate and/or p-value reported. Right: 929 trials with no treatment effect estimate or p-value reported (p-value calculated from data reported per arm at ClinicalTrials.gov). The lowest 25 quantiles are not visible because of clustering at p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively. The white circle indicates the median p-value