Table 2 Maternal characteristics of the GUSTO cohort studied in the analysis
| Â | Time point | N (%) | Mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | Self-reported at first clinic visit | 906 | 22.7 (4.4) | |
Gestational weight gain (kg) | 26–28 weeks gestation | 902 | 8.7 (4.7) | |
Maternal height (m) | 971 | 158.3 (5.6) | ||
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 920 | 4.3 (0.5) | ||
2-h post-glucose (mmol/L) | 920 | 6.5 (1.5) | ||
n-6 PUFA (%) | 863 | 34.2 (3.3) | ||
n-3 PUFA (%) | 863 | 6.4 (1.8) | ||
MUFA (%) | 863 | 13.6 (2.3) | ||
SFA (%) | 863 | 45.8 (3.3) | ||
EPDS score | 955 | 7.4 (4.4) | ||
STAI state score | 957 | 33.8 (10.0) | ||
STAI trait score | 957 | 35.7 (9.6) | ||
Caloric intake 3-day food diary (kcal) | 550 | 1871.2 (476.3) | ||
Caloric intake 24-h recall (kcal) | 960 | 1843.6 (550.6) | ||
Parity | >0 | Delivery | 536 (54%) | Â |
0 | 451 (46%) | |||
Maternal age (years) | ≥35 | Self-reported at first clinic visit | 251 (25%) |  |
<35 | 736 (75%) | |||
Smoking before pregnancy | Yes | Interviewer-administered questionnaire at 26–28 weeks gestation | 121 (12%) |  |
No | 855 (88%) | |||
Smoking during pregnancy | Yes | 24 (2%) | Â | |
No | 951 (98%) | |||
Plasma vitamin D | >50 nmol/L | 26–28 weeks gestation | 718 (87%) |  |
≤50 nmol/L | 108 (13%) | |||
Plasma folate | ≥6 ng/mL | 774 (90%) |  | |
<6Â ng/mL | 90 (10%) | |||
Plasma vitamin B12 | ≥300 pg/mL | 373 (43%) |  | |
<300Â pg/mL | 492 (57%) | |||
Plasma vitamin B6 | <20Â nmol/L | 137 (16%) | Â | |
≥20 nmol/L | 727 (84%) | |||
Plasma iron | ≥560 μg/L | 403 (92%) |  | |
<560 μg/L | 36 (8%) | |||
Plasma zinc | ≥700 μg/L | 417 (95%) |  | |
<700 μg/L | 22 (5%) | |||
Plasma magnesium | ≥18.25 mg/L | 304 (69%) |  | |
<18.25Â mg/L | 135 (31%) | |||
IVF birth | Yes | Self-reported at first clinic visit | 69 (7%) | Â |
No | 918 (93%) | |||
Maternal education (years) | ≥12 | 596 (61%) |  | |
<12 | 379 (39%) | |||
Working during pregnancy | Yes | Interviewer-administered questionnaire at 26–28 weeks gestation | 681 (70%) |  |
No | 297 (30%) | |||
Alcohol use before pregnancy | Yes | 338 (35%) | Â | |
No | 636 (65%) | |||
Alcohol use during pregnancy | Yes | 19 (2%) | Â | |
No | 938 (98%) | |||