Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Variable | Overall n = 651 | In-person n = 215 | Web-based n = 225 | Controls n = 211 | p value (among groups)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years, mean ± SD) | 40.4 ± 9.8 | 40.5 ± 9.9 | 40.6 ± 10.1 | 40.4 ± 9.3 | 0.9 |
Weight (kg, mean ± SD) | 134.7 ± 25.2 | 131.1 ± 25.9 | 134.4 ± 23.5 | 138.8 ± 25.8 | 0.01 |
BMI (kg/m2 ± SD) | 47.7 ± 7.0 | 46.7 ± 7.4 | 47.7 ± 6.6 | 48.7 ± 7.2 | 0.01 |
Sex (Females, %) | 540 (83) | 176 (81) | 183 (81) | 181 (86) | 0.4 |
White race (%) | 594 (91) | 195 (90) | 205 (91) | 194 (92) | 0.9 |
Education, no. (%) | |||||
 Some high school or less | 52 (7.9) | 19 (8.8) | 19 (8.4) | 14 (6.6) |  |
 High school diploma | 110 (16.9) | 29 (13.5) | 43 (19.1) | 38 (18.0) |  |
 Some post-secondary | 118 (18.1) | 38 (17.7) | 38 (16.9) | 42 (19.9) |  |
 Completed post-secondary | 369 (56.7) | 129 (60) | 123 (54.7) | 117 (55.5) | 0.4 |
Smoking status, no. (%) | |||||
 Current smoker | 84 (12.9) | 25 (11.6) | 33 (14.7) | 26 (12.3) |  |
 Former smoker | 143 (22.0) | 47 (21.9) | 49 (21.8) | 47 (22.3) |  |
 Never smoker | 424 (65.1) | 143 (66.5) | 143 (63.6) | 138 (65.4) | 0.9 |
Medical comorbidities, no. (%) | |||||
 Hypertension | 346 (53.2) | 106 (49.3) | 113 (50.2) | 127 (60.2) | 0.04 |
 Diabetes | 162 (24.9) | 52 (24.2) | 61 (27.1) | 49 (23.2) | 0.6 |
 Dyslipidemia | 274 (42.1) | 91 (42.3) | 92 (40.4) | 92 (43.6) | 0.8 |
 Sleep apnea | 180 (27.7) | 53 (24.7) | 78 (34.7) | 49 (23.2) | 0.01 |
 Cardiovascular event | 15 (2.3) | 3 (1.4) | 6 (2.7) | 6 (2.8) | 0.5 |
 Mental illness | 319 (49.0) | 103 (47.9) | 105 (46.7) | 111 (52.6) | 0.4 |
Clinical measurements, mean ± SD | |||||
 Systolic BP (mmHg) (n = 568) | 136.1 ± (17.1) | 135.4 ± (15.1) | 134.0 ± (14.9) | 139.0 ± (20.5) | 0.01 |
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) (n = 569) | 82.5 ± 12.5 | 81.6 ± 10.6 | 81.5 ± 11.3 | 84.3 ± 14.8 | 0.05 |
 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) (n = 586) | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 4.8 ± 0.9 | 4.7 ± 1.0 | 0.9 |
 HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) (n = 586) | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.2 |
 LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) (n = 576) | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 1.0 |
 Triglycerides (mmol/L) (n = 586) | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 0.9 |
 A1c (%) (n = 573) | 6.0 ± 1.2 | 6.0 ± 1.1 | 6.0 ± 1.4 | 5.9 ± 1.1 | 0.7 |
 EQ-5D VAS score | 53.1 ± 18.9 | 54.3 ± 18.4 | 54.6 ± 18.6 | 50.3 ± 19.5 | 0.03 |
 EQ-5D index score | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.83 ± 0.06 | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.33 |
 SF-12 PC score | 37.5 ± 8.8 | 38.0 ± 8.9 | 37.3 ± 8.7 | 37.2 ± 9.0 | 0.58 |
 SF-12 MC score | 39.9 ± 9.6 | 40.6 ± 9.6 | 40.2 ± 9.6 | 39.0 ± 9.7 | 0.24 |
 WEL score | 109.5 ± 35.4 | 108.3 ± 36.2 | 114.9 ± 33.2 | 104.9 ± 36.0 | 0.01 |
 Readiness-to-change score | 9.0 ± 1.1 | 8.9 ± 1.1 | 9.0 ± 1.1 | 8.9 ± 1.2 | 0.58 |
 PHQ-8 score | 17.4 ± 5.5 | 17.4 ± 5.4 | 17.1 ± 5.6 | 17.7 ± 5.4 | 0.58 |