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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants

From: Disease management in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure who have universal access to health care: a randomized controlled trial

 

Disease management

(N = 682)

Usual care

(N = 678)

P

 

Mean

(s.d.)

Mean

(s.d.)

 

Age (years)

70.8

(11.6)

70.7

(11.0)

0.49

 

n

(%)

n

(%)

 

Male

473

(69.3)

513

(75.7)

0.009

Source of recruitment

    

0.33

 Recent hospital admission for heart failure

270

(39.6)

251

(37.0)

 Community

412

(60.4)

427

(63.0)

 Main cause of heart failure: ischemic heart disease

477

(69.9)

489

(72.1)

0.37

Left ventricular ejection fraction

    

0.085

 Preserved (>50%)

136

(20.2)

111

(16.6)

 Reduced (<50%)

537

(79.8)

559

(83.4)

NYHA functional class

    

0.005a

 I

5

(0.7)

4

(0.6)

 II

81

(11.9)

116

(17.1)

 III

543

(79.9)

528

(78.0)

 IV

51

(7.5)

29

(4.3)

 

Median

IQR

Median

IQR

 

6-minute walk test (m)

165

(80, 274)

200

(90, 306)

0.002

Brain natriuretic peptide (pg/mL)b

323

(145, 768)

295

(148, 547)

0.066

 

n

(%)

n

(%)

 

Chronic atrial fibrillationc

156

(23.4)

177

(26.9)

0.14

 

n

(%)

n

(%)

 

Treatment

     

 Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/ Angiotensin receptor blockers

570

(83.6)

567

(83.6)

0.98

 Beta adrenergic receptor blockers

567

(83.1)

569

(83.9)

0.70

 Aldosterone antagonists

256

(37.5)

263

(38.8)

0.63

 Diuretics

629

(92.2)

613

(90.4)

0.23

 Platelet anti-aggregants

486

(71.3)

479

(70.6)

0.80

 Statins

527

(77.3)

534

(78.8)

0.51

 Pacemaker

96

(14.1)

119

(17.5)

0.079

 Implantable cardioverter defibrillator

115

(16.9)

113

(16.7)

0.92

 

Median

IQR

Median

IQR

 

Health-related quality of life score (SF-36)

     

 Physical

38

(27, 53)

41

(30, 54)

0.011

 Mental

46

(37, 58)

48

(38, 58)

0.34

 Depression symptoms score (PHQ-9)

9

(4, 14)

8

(4, 13)

0.28

 

n

(%)

n

(%)

 

History of cardiovascular disease

     

 Myocardial infarction

418

(61.6)

441

(65.0)

0.18

 Percutaneous coronary intervention

280

(41.2)

291

(42.9)

0.53

 Coronary artery bypass grafting

219

(32.2)

236

(34.8)

0.32

 Stroke/transient ischemic attack

103

(15.2)

106

(15.6)

0.81

 Peripheral vascular disease

128

(18.8)

126

(18.6)

0.90

 

n

(%)

n

(%)

 

Other comorbidity

     

 Diabetes mellitus

354

(52.2)

339

(50.0)

0.41

 Hypertension

504

(74.2)

506

(74.7)

0.83

 Dyslipidemia

518

(76.3)

523

(77.1)

0.71

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

122

(18.0)

105

(15.5)

0.22

 Renal failured

377

(56.5)

378

(56.8)

0.93

 

Mean

(s.d.)

Mean

(s.d.)

 

Hemoglobin (gr/dL)

12.5

(2.0)

12.8

(1.8)

0.08

Body mass index (kg/m2)

30.0

(5.9)

29.8

(5.5)

0.36

  1. NYHA New York Heart Association, IQR, interquartile range, PHQ-9 nine-item patient health depression scale, s.d. standard deviation, SF-36 36-item short form
  2. aFisher’s exact test
  3. bBaseline brain natriuretic peptide data were available for 377 patients assigned to disease management and 373 patients assigned to usual care
  4. cInformation on presence of atrial fibrillation was missing for 34 patients
  5. dEstimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 signifies renal failure
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