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Table 1 Cohort demographics, N = 61,836

From: Mediation of the effect of malaria in pregnancy on stillbirth and neonatal death in an area of low transmission: observational data analysis

Variable

No malaria, N = 52,486

Malaria, N = 9350

EGA at first ANC (start of follow-up), weeks

14.3 {9.0, 22.7}, 0–43.0

13.7 {9.0, 21.1}, 0–41.1

 First ANC during 1st trimester

25,548 (49)

4753 (51)

Number of ANC consultations

10 {4, 19}, 1–43

12 {5, 21}, 1–42

EGA method

 Ultrasound biometry

33,443 (64)

4793 (51)

 Dubowitz

8745 (17)

1517 (16)

 Fundal height

6337 (12)

2126 (23)

 Last menstrual period

3961 (8)

914 (10)

Maternal age, years

26 {21, 31}, 13–53

25 {20, 30}, 13–51

Primigravida

13756 (26)

2746 (29)

Haematocrita,b, %

34 {31, 36}, 8–53

32 {30, 35}, 10–48

 Anaemiaa,b

4817 (10)

1711 (21)

Current smokera

9765 (22)

2232 (34)

Site

 Refugee camp

32,689 (62)

4369 (47)

 Migrant community

19,797 (38)

4981 (53)

Malaria in pregnancy

9350 (100)

 Falciparum malaria only

3478 (37)

  Last detected in first trimester

715 (21)

  Last detected in second trimester

1411 (41)

  Last detected in third trimester

1352 (39)

  Recurrent falciparum malaria

892 (26)

 Vivax malaria only

4274 (46)

  Last detected in first trimester

654 (15)

  Last detected in second trimester

1365 (32)

  Last detected in third trimester

2255 (53)

  Recurrent vivax malaria

1470 (34)

 Falciparum and vivax malariac

1598 (17)

Fetal loss

5246 (10)

604 (6)

Small-for-gestational-agea,d

7514 (20)

1870 (27)

Preterm birthd

3318 (9)

831 (11)

Caesarean sectiond

1467 (4)

158 (2)

Place of deliveryd

 SMRU delivery unit

23,546 (67)

2941 (47)

 At home

8534 (24)

2778 (44)

 Hospital

3016 (9)

570 (9)

Stillbirth (all)

422 (1.0)

104 (1.3)

 Antepartum stillbirth

202 (0.5)

58 (0.7)

 Intrapartum stillbirth

145 (0.3)

33 (0.4)

 Unclassified stillbirthe

75 (0.2)

13 (0.2)

Lost to follow-upf

8173 (16)

1389 (15)

 EGA when last seen, weeks’ gestation

28.3 {18.6, 35.5}, 4–47

27.5 {19.0, 34.5}, 4–42

  1. EGA estimated gestational age, ANC antenatal clinic, IQR interquartile range. Numbers are median {IQR}, range, or frequency (%)
  2. aMissing data: gravidity 108 [2%] (79 [2%] with no malaria; 29 [0%] with malaria); smoking status 11,733 [19%] (8893 [17%] with no malaria; 2840 [30%] with malaria); haematocrit 7173 [12%] (5798 [11%] with no malaria; 1375 [32%] with malaria); place of delivery 15,698 [25%] (13,020 [25%] with no malaria; 2678 [29%] with malaria); caesarean section 1629 [3%] (1470 [3%] with no malaria; 159 [2%] with malaria); small-for-gestational-age 7308 [14%] (6140 [14%] with no malaria; 1168 [14%] with malaria)
  3. bLast measurement during pregnancy; anaemia defined as last haematocrit measurement during pregnancy <30%; only 0.16% of women were severely anaemic (haematocrit <20%)
  4. cWomen with either a mixed infection or multiple infections of different species
  5. dIn women who gave birth after 28 weeks’ gestation
  6. eTime of fetal demise (i.e. antepartum or intrapartum) unknown
  7. fWomen lost to follow-up were more likely to be primigravid, smokers, migrant, and anaemic