Diagnostic delay for giant cell arteritis – a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prior, James A.; Ranjbar, Hoda; Belcher, John; Mackie, Sarah L.; Helliwell, Toby; Liddle, Jennifer; Mallen, Christian D.

doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0871-z

Table 1 Characteristics of articles reporting delay of giant cell arteritis (GCA) diagnosis

From: Diagnostic delay for giant cell arteritis – a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lead author, reference	Year	Sampling period	Country	Healthcare setting	Study design	Definition of delay in GCA diagnosis
Systematic review (n = 22)
Calamia [25]	1981	1976–1978	USA	Tertiary care	Retrospective	Duration symptoms were present before diagnosis
Bella Cueto^a [26]	1985	1968–1983	Spain	Secondary care	Retrospective	Duration of symptoms until diagnosis
Karanjia [27]	1989	–	USA	Secondary care	Retrospective	Average delay from onset of symptom to biopsy
Desmet^a [28]	1990	1982–1988	Belgium	Secondary care	Retrospective	Time delay between presentation and biopsy
Kelkel [29]	1991	1984–1990	Switzerland	Secondary care	Retrospective	From first signs or symptoms to beginning of treatment
Myklebust^a [30]	1996	1987–1994	Norway	Secondary care	Prospective	Delay of diagnosis
Brack^a [31]	1999	1960–1996	USA	Tertiary care	Retrospective	Time to diagnosis
Duhaut^a [32]	1999	1991–1997	France	Secondary care	Prospective	Time interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis
Nesher^a [33]	1999	1980–1995	Israel	Secondary care	Retrospective	Time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis
Hu [34]	2002	1999–2001	China	Secondary care	Prospective	Duration of symptoms before biopsy
Liozon^a [11]	2003	1977–2002	France	Secondary care	Retrospective	Delay in diagnosis
Nuenninghoff [35]	2003	1950–1999	USA	Primary & secondary	Retrospective	Time from onset of symptoms to GCA diagnosis
Gonzalez-Gay^a [36]	2004	1981–2001	Spain	Secondary care	Retrospective	Delay to diagnosis
Pease^a [37]	2005	–	England	Secondary care	Prospective	Time to presentation
Loddenkemper [38]	2007	–	England	Secondary care	Retrospective	Onset of symptoms prior to admission
Mari^a [39]	2009	1989–2007	Spain	Secondary care	Retrospective	Delay in diagnosis
Ezeonyeji^a [13]	2011	2003–2008	England	Secondary care	Retrospective	Symptoms onset to diagnosis
Mackie^a [40]	2011	2005–2009	England	Secondary care	Retrospective	Time between first onset of symptoms and first steroid treatment
Czihal^a [41]	2012	2002–2010	Germany	Secondary care	Retrospective	Time to diagnosis
Prieto-Gonzalez^a [42]	2012	2006–2011	Spain	Secondary care	Prospective	Duration of symptoms until diagnosis
Patil^a [20]	2015	2009–2013	England	Secondary care	Prospective	Duration of symptom until diagnosis
Singh^a [43]	2015	1950–2004	USA	Primary & secondary	Retrospective	Duration of symptoms
Initially excluded articles, subsequently used for characteristic-specific analysis only (n = 6)
Gonzalez-Gay^b [45]	2000	1981–1998	Spain	Secondary care	Retrospective	Delay to diagnosis
Schmidt^b [46]	2000	1996–1999	Germany	Secondary care	Retrospective	Delay in therapy
Gonzalez-Gay [47]	2001	1981–1998	Spain	Secondary care	Retrospective	Delay to diagnosis
Gonzalez-Gay [48]	2003	1981–2001	Spain	Secondary care	Retrospective	Delay to diagnosis
Gonzalez-Gay^b [44]	2005	1981–2004	Spain	Secondary care	Retrospective	Delay to diagnosis
Lopez-Diaz [49]	2008	1981–2006	Spain	Secondary care	Retrospective	Delay to diagnosis

^aIncluded in delay meta-analyses
^bIncluded in characteristic-specific delay meta-analysis

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ISSN: 1741-7015

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