Table 1 List of ongoing or completed clinical trials including calorie restriction (CR) or CR mimetic diets or drugs in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy
From: When less may be more: calorie restriction and response to cancer therapy
Intervention | Drug treatment(s) | Disease(s) | Reference | Outcome/Anticipated completion date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Fasting-mimicking diet | Standard chemotherapy | Breast | NCT02126449 de Groot et al. 2015 [79] | December 2018 |
Fasting: up to 60Â h | Taxanes | Prostate | NCT02710721 | December 2017 |
Fasting: up to 48Â h | Standard chemotherapy | Ovarian, breast | NCT01954836 | Completed, no reported results |
Fasting: 20–140 h | Docetaxel, paclitaxel, cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, gemcitabine, doxorubicin | Breast, esophagus, prostate, lung, uterine, ovarian | Safdie et al. 2009 NCT01304251 [52] | Reduced self-reported side effects |
Fasting: up to 48Â h | Gemcitabine, cisplatin | Primary and metastatic lesions | NCT00936364 | September 2017 |
Ketogenic diet | Radiotherapy | Colorectal, breast | NCT02516501 | June 2018 |
Ketogenic diet | Palliative chemotherapy | Glioblastoma | NCT02939378 | December 2017 |
Ketogenic diet | Temozolomide | Glioblastoma | NCT02046187 | Completed, no reported results |
Ketogenic diet | Temozolomide, radiotherapy | Glioblastoma | NCT02302235 | August 2016, recruiting |
Ketogenic diet | Standard chemotherapy, radiotherapy | Glioblastoma | NCT03075514 | March 2018 |
Intermittent energy restriction | Docetaxel, paclitaxel | Breast | B-AHEAD-2 | Completed, no reported results |
Everolimus | Docetaxel, cisplatin | Head and neck | NCT00935961 | Completed, no reported results |
Everolimus | Rituximab | B-cell lymphoma | NCT00790036 | Completed, no reported results |
Everolimus | Pemetrexed | Lung | NCT00434174 | Completed, no reported results |
Everolimus | Doxorubicin, bevacizumab | Breast | NCT02456857 | Completed, no reported results |
Everolimus | Bevacizumab, lapatinib | Breast | NCT00567554 | Completed, no reported results |
Everolimus | Cisplatin, navelbine, radiotherapy | Lung | NCT01167530 | Completed, no reported results |
Everolimus | Lenvatinib | Renal | NCT02915783 | December 2018 |
Sirolimus | Etoposide, cyclophosphamide | Solid and central nervous system | NCT02574728 | June 2020 |
Temsirolimus | Bevacizumab | Prostate | NCT01083368 | Completed, no reported results |
Temsirolimus | Standard AML chemotherapy | AML | NCT01611116 | July 2017 |
Temsirolimus | Dexamethasone, mitoxantrone, vincristine, PEG-aspargase | AML, NHL | NCT01403415 | Completed, no reported results |
Metformin | Cisplatin, radiotherapy | Lung | NCT02115464 | December 2017 |
Metformin | Anthracycline, taxane, platinum, capecitabine, vinorelbine | Metastatic breast | NCT01310231 | March 2016; recruiting |
Metformin | Radiation, carboplatin, paclitaxel | Lung | NCT02186847 | March 2018 |
Metformin | Dexamethasone, mitoxantrone, vincristine, PEG-aspargase | ALL | NCT01324180 | Completed, no reported results |
Metformin | 5-Fluorouracil | Colorectal | NCT01941953 | Completed, no reported results |
Metformin | Folfinic acid, oxaliplatin, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan | Colorectal | NCT01926769 | Completed, no reported results |
Metformin | Cisplatin, radiotherapy | Head and neck | NCT02949700 | December 2019 |
Metformin | Fluorouracil, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide | Breast | NCT02506777 | November 2015; recruiting |
Metformin | Paclitaxel, carboplatin, docetaxel | Ovarian, fallopian tube, peritoneal | NCT02122185 | February 2018 |
Metformin | Carboplatin, paclitaxel | Ovarian | NCT02312661 | March 2017 |
Metformin | Gemcitabine, erlotinib | Pancreatic | NCT01210911 | Completed, no reported results |
Metformin | Standard chemotherapy | All tumor types | NCT01442870 | Completed, no reported results |
Hydroxycitrate | Folinic acid, oxaliplatin, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, cetuximab, vectibix, carboplatin, bevacizumab, cisplatin, gemcitabine | Metastatic lung, colon, ovarian, esophagus, uterine, liver, parotid, prostate | Schwartz et al. 2014 [68] | Hydroxycitrate is tolerated, but no added benefit was found |