Fig. 2

Rates of falciparum and vivax malaria over gestational age in women who started antenatal screening before 10 weeks’ gestation (N = 19,768). Vertical dashed lines are at 14 weeks’ and 28 weeks’ gestation, indicating the end of the first and second trimesters, respectively. Hazard rates were calculated per 1000 pregnancy weeks. For the hazard of initial malaria, women were censored at the gestational age of their first episode, birth, or time last seen. For recurrent malaria, women became at risk at the gestational age of their initial episode and were censored at the gestational age of their first recurrent episode, birth, or time last seen; we did not attempt to account for a post-treatment prophylactic effect because of the strong assumptions that this would require