Fig. 2

γδ T cell TIM3 expression in individuals from malaria endemic areas is increased compared to healthy controls (HC). PBMCs from individuals living in malaria endemic areas recently infected in the last 30 days, not recently infected, and healthy controls (HC) were surface stained for TIM3 expression. a Frequency of γδ T cells expressing TIM3 (recently infected, filled triangles, n = 92; not recently infected, open circles, n = 40; and healthy controls, filled circles, n = 20). b Percentage of γδ T cells expressing TIM3 in individuals recently infected with either P. vivax only (filled circles; n = 32), P. falciparum only (filled squares; n = 13), or co-infected with multiple species (P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. ovale, and P. malariae) (filled triangles; n = 47). c Frequency of TIM3+ γδ T cell subsets distinguished by expression of CD27 and CD45RA (TCM central memory T cell, TEM effector memory T cell, TEMRA terminally differentiated effector memory T cell). d Frequency of TIM3-expressing CD16+ (open circles) and CD16– (squares) TEMRA γδ T cells (mean ± SD). Statistical analysis was performed using (a–c) Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn’s post-test; c multiple comparison to naive, and (d) paired Student’s t tests.*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001