Fig. 3

Infection and exposure to multiple malaria species are associated with upregulated TIM3 expression. C57BL/6 mice were infected with P. chabaudi and then drug-treated with chloroquine and pyrimethamine. (a) Liver lymphocytes and (b) splenocytes were stained for TIM3 expression on day 7 following completion of drug cure to assess the percentage of TIM3+ γδ T cells from mice which received either three sequential P. chabaudi infections (Multiple P. chabaudi, n = 5), single P. chabaudi infection (P. chabaudi Day 7, n = 9), or single P. chabaudi infection 98 days prior to assessment (P. chabaudi Day 98, n = 3). C57BL/6 mice were infected with either P. chabaudi or P. berghei and then drug-treated. (c) Liver lymphocytes and (d) splenocytes were assessed for TIM3+ γδ T cells on day 7 following end of drug cure from mice which received either P. chabaudi infection followed by P. berghei infection (P. chabaudi + P. berghei, n = 8), P. berghei infection followed by P. chabaudi infection (P. berghei + P. chabaudi, n = 9), or single P. berghei infection (P. berghei Day 7, n = 5). The data represent two independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn’s post-test; comparison to naive mice. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001